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مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی

مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی
مولاناسید سلیمان ندوی طبقۂ علما میں وسیع النظر عالم،محققین میں بلند پایہ محقق اورمصنفین میں ایک گرامی مرتبت مصنف تھے، وہ جس طرح قدیم تعلیم یافتہ گروہ کے اکابر میں شمار ہوتے تھے اسی طرح تعلیم جدید کے طبقہ میں بھی اُن کو بڑا وقار اورمرتبہ حاصل تھا۔ندوۃ العلما سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد مولانا شبلی جو مردم شناسی اورجوہر قابل کی قدردانی میں ایک خاص امتیاز رکھتے تھے، اُن کے فیضان تعلیم وتربیت نے مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی کواستاد کاجانشین بنادیا۔ اوراس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں کہ انھوں نے جانشینی کا حق جس خوبی سے اداکیاہے کسی شاگرد نے کم کیا ہوگا۔انھوں نے سیرۃ النبی کے نام سے، جیسا کہ وہ خود فرماتے تھے، درحقیقت اسلام کی ایک نہایت مستند،مفصل اورمبسوط انسائیکلوپیڈیا لکھی۔قرآن مجید کے تاریخی وجغرافیائی مباحث پران کی کتاب ’ارض القرآن‘ اس موضوع پر اپنی نوعیت کی پہلی کتاب ہے۔’’عرب وہند کے تعلقات‘‘،’’عربوں کی جہاز رانی‘‘ اور’’ عمرخیام‘‘ پراُنھوں نے جو دادتحقیق دی ہے، وہ اُن کی قبائے علم وفضل کاتکمۂ زریں ہے۔مستقل بلندپایہ تصنیفات کے علاوہ مختلف تاریخی، مذہبی، ادبی اور لسانی وتنقیدی مباحث پراُن کے قلم سے وقتاً فوقتاً جو مقالات یاچھوٹے چھوٹے رسالے نکلتے رہے ہیں وہ ان مباحث کے طلبا اورعلما کے لیے شمع راہ کاکام عرصہ تک دیتے رہیں گے۔ ان ذاتی علمی وتحقیقی کارناموں کے علاوہ آں مرحوم کا سب سے بڑااورشاندار کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ اُنھوں نے دارالمصنفین میں اپنے فیض تعلیم وتربیت سے ارباب قلم علما کی ایک ایسی جماعت پیدا کی جس کے تصنیفی کارناموں کی بدولت اسلامی تاریخ،اسلامی علوم وفنون اوراسلامی ادبیات کاایک گراں قدر ذخیرہ بڑی خوبی اورعمدگی کے ساتھ اردو زبان میں منتقل ہوچکاہے اور یہ سلسلہ برابر جاری ہے۔مولانا مرحوم نے اس حیثیت سے اردو زبان کی خصوصاً اور اسلامی علوم وفنون کی عموماً وہ شاندار خدمات...

Social Framework Analysis Through Oedipus Complex in Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

Sons and Lovers has always been posing problems for the teachers, during classroom critical discussions on the novel on account of its undue association with Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex and his focus on sexual instincts. Readers are forcibly led to the conclusion that there is convincing evidence of unconscious sexual attraction between Gertrude (the mother) and William and Paul (her sons) throughout the novel. The novel basically focuses on the individual’s mental and behavioral struggle to locate his own place in the social setup in pursuit of his dignity. An open-minded close examination of the novel makes one realize that it hardly deserves to be labelled as an illustration of Freud’s theory of Oedipus complex. Paul’s struggle for recognition and acceptance in the society is the central theme of the novel, which puts him in trying conditions and relations and leaves him struggling to adjust his place in quest of self-esteem and recognition. The more he tries to get satisfaction, the more he becomes disillusioned. Consequently, dissatisfaction leads him to interact with different people and he experiences maladjustment. The object of this paper is to analyze Paul’s relations with other main characters in the novel in order to diagnose the cause of his discontentment in his relations with them. An attempt has been made to view his predicament in the light of psychological and social cross-currents that pervade his behavior through-out the novel, Paul finds intellectual harmony with Miriam as her feelings match with those of his. Like Paul, she also wants to achieve something great. A cleavage occurs in their relationship when Miriam shows her reluctance to fulfil his carnal desires, as being unethical and contrary to her spiritual ideals. Paul’s sensual desires are fulfilled by Clara, a woman promising physical satisfaction but devoid of aesthetic sensibilities, which again compel him to turn to some new destinations. A thorough analysis of the novel Sons and Lovers clearly reveals that there is very little influence of Oedipus complex, while there is a strong chemical bond and natural affection between the mother and son which is a natural human instinct. Paul finds solace in the company of Gertrude simply on account of natural reasons and not for any amoral urge like Oedipus complex.

Culture of Gun Violence: Impact of Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons on Pakistans Internal Security

The number of people killed or affected by firearms or light weapons each year is far greater than those killed by the atomic explosions in August 1945. Yet, in comparison to the weapons of mass destruction– which bear signature characteristics of indiscriminate mass annihilation and destruction - small arms and light weapons (SALW), or firearms have been viewed as less significant, less lethal and more manageable. This unfortunately is just one of the many myths that surround the destructive potential of these seemingly innocuous tools of violence and destruction. In case of Pakistan, the availability and continued proliferation of small arms, has not only made the country violence-prone but has also led to the violent framing of its politics. The acceptability of guninduced violence is becoming part of the political culture and more so than ever before, poses a direct and dangerous threat to the internal cohesion of the Pakistani state and society. Romancing the gun has been a salient feature of the Pakistani tribal culture for generations, where for centuries people have not only wore the gun as part of their dress code but have also taken pride in their ingenuity to manufacture weapons as a cottage industry. Across the country irrespective of ethnic or sectarian identity, the increase in licensed and unlicensed firearms ownership as well as indiscriminate usage and tolerance towards SALW has been manifold This study examines the role of SALW in the violent framing of Pakistani politics in the aftermath of the Soviet-Afghan war. It attempts to shed light on how small arms proliferation and use contributed to the rise in societal violence, perpetuated widespread insecurity and instability in the country and undermined the ability of Pakistani State to stem the rising tide of armed violence. It is not wrong to say that there is both a vertical as well as horizontal spread of weapons across the country which corresponds with the failing state of law and order and writ of government. The key questions to be addressed in this study are - what is the relationship between small arms and the sources of domestic insecurity and violence in Pakistan? Have SALW contributed to the fragility or failure of the state? Has the traditional culture of gun wearing and romancing with guns contributed to the increased violence in the country? What were the policy imperatives that motivated successive administrations in Pakistan to tolerate the emergence of illicit arms market? What is the negative fallout of these policies over the years, and why is the Pakistani state now feeling the impact of these weapons more than ever before? What more needs to be done, keeping in mind the increased international efforts at seeking a monumental arms trade treaty and other legislations to curb proliferation of small arms at both state and non- state level. Lastly, were the various remedial measures undertaken by the Pakistani state to redress domestic security concerns internally - motivated or these were acts undertaken to appease outside actors?
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