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ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی شاعری کا فنی جائزہ

ڈاکٹرشہزاد احمد کی شاعری کا فنی جائزہ
سہل ممتنع
ڈاکٹرشہزاداحمد نعت خوانی سے نعت گوئی کی طرف مائل ہوئے ہیں۔ انھیں خیال آفرینی و مرصع کاری سے زیادہ ابلاغ کی فکر رہتی ہے۔ اس لیے وہ کلام میں سادگی کو اہمیت دیتے نظر آتے ہیں۔اُن کے کلام میں بھاری بھرکم تراکیب کی جگہ عام بول چال کے سادہ الفاظ ادائے مطلب کے لیے استعمال ہوئے ہیں۔ ان کی نعت کی مرکزی خصوصیت سہل ممتنع ہے جس کے بارے میں مولانا حسرت موہانی لکھتے ہیں :
’’سہل ممتنع سادگی وحسن بیان کی اُس صنف کا نام ہے جس کو دیکھ کر ہر شخص بظاہر یہ سمجھے کہ یہ بات میرے دل میں بھی تھی اور ایسا کہنا ہر شاعر کے لیے آسان ہے مگر جب کوشش کرکے ویسا لکھنا چاہے تو نہ لکھ سکے۔‘‘ (۲۴)
یہی سادہ اسلوب ہمیں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی نعت میں بڑے سلیقے سے برتا ہوا ملتا ہے۔ مثال میں دو شعر ملاحظہ ہوں:
آپ صرف اپنے محبوب کا
مجھ کو شیدا بنا دیجیے

پھر جہاں میں ہے تیرگی چھائی
اپنا جلوہ دکھائیے آقاؐ
غنائی لہجہ
شاعری میں موسیقیت نہ ہو تو کلام فصاحت سے کوسوں دُور رہتا ہے۔ موسیقیت کے لیے آواز کے زیرو بم کے استعمال سے واقفیت ضروری ہے۔ ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد چوں کہ نعت خوانی سے بھی وابستہ ہیں۔ اس لیے اُن کے کلام میں غنائیت کا عنصر اوج پر ہے۔ پروفیسرنویدعاجز ؔ اس بارے میں یوں رقم طراز ہیں:
’’انھوں نے نعتیں محافل میں پڑھنے کے لیے لکھی ہیں، اس لیے اُن کی سب سے بڑی خوبی موسیقیت اور روانی ہے۔ ’’حبیبی یارسول اللہ، درودتم پر سلام تم پر اور بسم اللہ ‘‘ کی ردیف میں کہی گئی نعتیں مترنم لہجے کی حامل ہیں۔‘‘(۲۵)
ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمد کے کلام میں روانی اور مترنم لہجے کے اشعار کی کمی نہیں۔ چند مثالیں ملاحظہ ہوں:

سیرت طیبہ کے تناظر میں منصبی ذمے داریاں اور تقاضا ہائے حقوق مصطفی

 Rights of Holy Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) have been studied from various perspectives. This paper reviewing the extant research on the subject; identifies the duties of government officials from the referred side. It concludes that Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) is the most benefactor and humanitarian to mankind in the word. In this context only those Govt. Officials can be considered true in their claim of love for Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) who adhere to his teachings, concerning ability of one’s position, piety, liability, morality and uprightness and those who refrain from being footloose and profligate, and free themselves from the hunger of wealth and status, censoriously evaluate their deeds, keep an eye on the life hereafter and accountability. Moreover, those who hold justice and avoid dishonesty and bias are true according to the teachings of Islam. Without such qualities and characteristics claim of love is just deceit and forgery.

An Analytical Study of Questioning Leading to Critical Thinking in Classrooms

Questioning is one of the most commonly used techniques at the disposal of teachers during teaching to check students’ level of understanding about the concepts. Questioning technique assists teachers to communicate them about the level of understanding of their students. Questions are promoting students’ creativity in classroom interaction. Without higher order, thought provoking questions, learning become little more than memorization. Questions, if asked intelligently not only elicit information and develop cognitive thinking processes but also develop analytical and critical thinking. Perhaps a few studies have been carried out on this vital issue in the Pakistani classroom situation. The overall purpose of the proposed study was to investigate questioning leading to critical thinking in the classrooms setting. It was focused to determine the levels of questions keeping in view the Bloom’s Taxonomy. The study was also focused to analyze lower and higher order questions and to explore convergent and divergent questions at secondary and tertiary levels. The study was an observational type of the descriptive method. The target population composed of 21965 teachers at Secondary Level and 3000 teachers at Tertiary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Using proportional allocation of population (Walpole, 1968), 176 Secondary School teachers and 24 Tertiary level teachers were observed in their classrooms during their teaching. Using simple random sample technique, the study was conducted in districts Peshawar, Kohat, D.I.Khan, Mansehra, Mardan, Malakand, and Swat. To achieve the objectives of the study, the instrument “observation guide using Bloom’s Taxonomy” was used. A total of two hundred observations were made at both the levels. During the observation the researcher xii noted down the questions asked by the teacher and was also audio recorded. The questions were then categorized on the observation sheet as knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The study results revealed that teachers practice of asking questions was very weak, majority of the teachers asked dominantly lower order and convergent questions at secondary level which could not help to develop the habit of critical thinking among students at secondary level. There were variations in terms of classroom time duration and number of asked questions by teachers. The results of the study showed that no question was asked by teachers in some of the classes at secondary level. The asked questions were predominantly lower order and convergent questions with a very low asking ratio and, not encouraging critical thinking at tertiary level among students. The teachers both at secondary and tertiary level provided very short wait time to students to respond. There found no awareness of teachers regarding the positive impact of increasing wait time and getting divergent answers. The results also concluded that there is no significance difference between type of teachers’ questions at secondary and tertiary level. The observations in the study revealed that teachers at secondary and tertiary level employed almost similar type of questioning technique while teaching in order to check student’s level of understanding. Of all the questions asked in the study, lower order and convergent questions elicited the greatest number of responses from the students. Teachers rarely posed questions at the application, synthesis and evaluation levels. Teachers generally preferred to pose simple questions that would accelerate the teaching learning process and would need little efforts on the part of students to answer the questions. xiii It was recommended that the use of multiple types of questions in the classroom is crucial for promoting students’ critical thinking. In teaching, it is necessary for the teachers to plan questions for students learning, as well as for promoting students’ higher level of thinking process.
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