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ماحصل

 

 ماحصل

 

          سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی ذرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے۔ خطۂ سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنونِ لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سر انجام دی ہیں ۔سیالکوٹ کی علمی و ادبی اہمیت مسلمہ ہے ۔ ہر دور میں خواہ وہ ہندو راج ہو یا مغلیہ راج یا انگریز راج سیالکوٹ نے ہر دور میں علمی و ادبی مرکز کے حوالے سے اپنی شناخت قائم رکھی ہے۔ یہاں سے بہت سی نامور روحانی اور علمی و ادبی شخصیات نے جنم لیا ہے اور بعض نے یہاں کی روحانی او ر علمی و ادبی شخصیات سے فیض حاصل کیا ہے۔ سیالکوٹ قبل مسیح بھی ایک عظیم تعلیمی مرکز تھا۔ ۷۰۰ ق سے ۶۰۰ ق م تک یہ اتنا عظیم تعلیمی مرکز تھا کہ بنارس کے شہزادے حصول علم کے لیے یہاں آتے تھے۔ مغلیہ عہدِ حکومت میں سیالکوٹ برصغیر پاک و ہند کے علمی مراکز میں سے ایک اہم علمی مرکز تھا۔ خاص طورپر ملاکمال کشمیری( م ۱۰۱۷ہجری) اور ان کے شاگرد ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی کے مکاتبِ فکر نے بڑی شہرت پائی جہاں برصغیر اور بیرون برصغیر کے دور دراز گوشوں سے طالبانِ علم کھینچے چلے آتے تھے۔ حضرت مجدد الف ثانی بھی ملا کمال کے شاگرد تھے۔ اور انھوں نے ان کے مکتب سے تعلیم حاصل کی۔ ۱۸۵۰ء سے ۱۹۰۰ء کے دوران سیالکوٹ میں مولانا شیر محمد، مولانا غلام حسن، مولانا غلام مرتضیٰ ،مولوی محبوب اور مولوی میر حسن بہت بڑے عالم فاضل گزرے ہیں ۔ ان اساتذہ کے اپنے کتب خانے بھی تھے۔ڈاکٹر علامہ محمد اقبال نے عربی کی ابتدائی تعلیم مولانا غلام حسن کے مدرسہ میں حاصل کی۔ مولوی ابراہیم میر سیالکوٹی علامہ اقبال کے ہم جماعت تھے۔ فیض احمد فیض نے حفظِ قرآن اور عربی کی تعلیم مولوی میر سیالکوٹی...

Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Compared to Valsartan and Amlodipine in Stage 2 Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is a growing medical and public health issue. The United States and European treatment guidelines have been issued to attain smooth control of hypertension in various categories of patients. It is a need of time to unveil safe combination therapies in various populations. Objectives: (i) To determine the efficacy of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan and amlodipine (ii) To determine the safety and tolerability of both combinations. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital Lahore. 126 patients with stage 2 hypertension were recruited from the medical outdoor of Shalamar Hospital Lahore after getting informed consent. In group A, 63 patients were given valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. In group B, 63 patients were given valsartan and amlodipine. Blood pressure (BP) of both study groups was recorded on day zero, 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks and the readings were entered on a Proforma. The efficacy of drug combinations was accessed in both groups by recording the change in mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBP). The safety and tolerability of the drug combinations were assessed in terms of side effects and laboratory findings. Results: In group A, there was a 39±7mmzHg and 18±1mmHg decrease in MSBP and MDBP, respectively, from baseline BP. In group B, there was a 26.7±4mmHg and 14±2 mmHg decrease in MSBP and MDBP, respectively, from baseline BP. Both combinations were safe, and no significant difference in the efficacy of both combinations was observed after 8-week of treatment. Conclusion: Both combinations are effective for control of BP, but the valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination (group A) appears to have better tolerability and greater effect in decreasing BP as compared to the combination of valsartan and amlodipine (group B), although this difference is not statistically significant.  

Theoretical Studies of Lanthanide Transition Metal Intermetallics in Cscl-Structure

The objectives of this work was to explore the structural, electronic, elastic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of the strongly correlated electron system, LnTM (Ln= Dy, Ho, Gd, Yb, Lu, Tb, Er, Tm and TM= Pd, Ag, Rh, Ir) and ScTM (TM= Co, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu). The procedure used in this work was the full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) calculations based on density functional theory. The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of these compounds are calculated by LDA, GGA, LDA+U, LDA+SOC and LDA+U+SOC schemes. The calculated lattice parameters are found to be in close agreement with the available experimental results. The localized behavior as well as rela- tivistic e®ects of electrons in the d-states of ScTM (TM= Co, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu) compounds are also revelled. These compounds have 3d, 4d and 5d orbitals and, hence strong electron-electron correlation and spin orbit coupling (SOC) e®ects were expected therefore the structural and electronic properties are also determined by using the Hubbard potential U to incorporate correlation e®ects, while to consider relatvistic e®ects, SOC is used. The spin-orbit coupling e®ect splits the d/f-state of the elements with in the compounds. The SOC e®ect increases from 3d to 5d transi- tion elements in the ScTM (TM= Co, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu) compounds, which shows fascinating response of SOC e®ect as electronic structure changes from element to element. The elastic constants of these compounds are also calculated. Our calculated elastic constants values of the compounds are consistent with the available experimental as well theoretical results. From the elastic constants, di®erent mechanical properties such as bulk modulus (B), Young''s modulus (Y), shear modulus (G), Poisson''s ratio (À), Kleinman parameters (³) and anisotropic ratio (A) for the compounds under study are also evaluated. Furthermore, the mechanical parameters i.e; Paugh ratio (B/G) and Cauchy pressure (C00) are calculated to determine the ductililty and brittleness of the materials under study. The obtained me- chanical properties are then applied to ¯nd the sound velocities and Debye temperature. Furthermore, post-DFT calculations are carried out to investi- gate the Seebeck coe±cient and electrical conductivity of the ScTM (TM= Co, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu) at constant temperature, 300K. High values of Seebeck coe±cient and electrical conductivity are observed for these materials. The considerable values of the calculated Power Factor for these materials at room temperature shows that these materials maybe useful for high temperature thermoelectric devices.
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