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کیفی ؔاعظمی

کیفیؔ اعظمی
مشہور و مقبول ترقی پسند اور اردو کے انقلابی شاعر جناب کیفی اعظمی ۱۰؍ مئی کو صبح ساڑھے چھ بجے ممبئی کے جس لوک اسپتال میں انتقال کرگئے جہاں سانس کی تکلیف کی وجہ سے دو ماہ پہلے داخل ہوئے تھے، ۱۱؍ مئی کو اندھیری ویسٹ کے چار بنگلہ قبرستان میں سپرد خاک کئے گئے۔
کیفی صاحب ۱۹۱۸؁ء میں اعظم گڑھ کی تحصیل پھول پور کے ایک گاؤں مجواں کے زمین دار شیعہ گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے والد جناب سید فتح حسین رضوی اودھ کی ریاست بلہرا میں تحصیل دار تھے۔ کیفی صاحب کا اصلی نام سید اطہر حسین رضوی تھا، یہ سات بھائی بہن تھے، بڑے بھائیوں نے انگریزی تعلیم حاصل کی تھی، ان کو ان کے والد بزرگوار نے عربی تعلیم دلانے کے لیے فرقہ شیعہ کی مشہور درس گاہ سلطان المدارس لکھنو میں داخل کرایا مگر ان کا جی یہاں نہیں لگا، غالباً مدرسے کی سخت گیری اور مذہبی شدت پسندی سے گھبرا کر انہوں نے تعلیم ہی نہیں چھوڑی بلکہ مذہب سے بھی برگشتہ ہوگئے، اور غالباً آخر تک رہے، تاہم مدرسہ کی تعلیم کو خیر باد کہنے کے باوجود انہوں نے لکھنو اور الٰہ آباد کی یونیورسٹیوں سے مشرقی امتحانات دیئے اور اپنی ذاتی محنت و مطالعہ سے اپنی استعداد بڑھائی، اردو فارسی کے علاوہ غالباً وہ عربی، ہندی اور سنسکرت سے بھی واقف تھے۔
کیفی اعظمی کا طرۂ امتیاز ان کی شاعری ہے جس کو اس کے مخصوص لب و لہجہ ، باغیانہ تیور اور انقلابی افکار و خیالات کی بنا پر بہت پسند کیا گیا، ان کے گھر میں پہلے ہی سے شعر و سخن کا چرچا تھا، اردو ہی نہیں فارسی کا ذوق بھی عام تھا، ان کے تینوں بڑے بھائی بھی شاعری کا مذاق رکھتے تھے اور صاحب بیاض تھے، خاندانی کتب خانے...

Effect of Information and Communication Technology on The Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills Among Students at University Level

In this era the use of information communication technology in every walk of life is not a lie especially its use in education to facilitate the process of teaching and learning. The objectives of study were to explore the practice of ICT among students at university level, to examine the level of higher order thinking skills among students at university level and to find out the effect of information communication technology on the development of higher order thinking skills among students at university level. The study contains proposed model which was based on ICT tools and HOTs. The researcher used quantitative approach, and its design was correlation which is a type of descriptive research. Population was based on undergraduate university students of social sciences of 3 universities of Islamabad. Convenient sampling technique was used. The sample was based on 10% of entire population. The results were interpreted, and recommendation were suggested. The study results showed average level of higher order thinking skills among university students. Results also showed that mean values were agree about the practice of ICT at university level. It was revealed that there was a significant effect of ICT on the development of HOTS at university level. It is recommended that through training, practice and classroom activities the students may be able to find the required information, to analyze it and to build HOTS. Universities may recruit highly skilled technical personnel in the ICT units of their institutions and create a consciousness in them to develop innovative ideas for better training of student’s higher order thinking skill.

Role of Genetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Potential Role of Antioxidants to Prevent Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Glaucoma, the collection of syndromes, is the 2nd leading basis of vision loss in the world. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the mostly occurring form is described by optic nerve head excavation, defective fields of vision & increased or regular intraocular pressure (IOP), with no sign of closed angle on Gonioscopic examination. Though the actual reason of POAG is unclear yet but inherited factors may perform key function in understanding actual mechanism of the disease. This study was conducted for linkage analysis between POAG and two genes (MYOC & CYP1B1) related with POAG in the people of Sindh province of Pakistan and elaborate the protecting properties of antioxidants (Resveratrol & Ascorbate) on cultured HTMC subjected to reactive oxygen species. For this purpose, twenty-six families having multiple affected members diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were enrolled through hospitals from different cities of Sindh, Pakistan and were numbered from POAG-1 to POAG-26. After genomic DNA isolation, exclusion studies were carried out to analyze enrolled families for linkage to MYOC and CYP1B1 genes. Out of twenty-six families, two families were found linked with the MYOCgene and one family was found linked with CYP1B1 gene. In family POAG-26, a novel mutation for MYOC gene, c.1130 C>G resulting in p.T377R was identified where as in family POAG-06, one reported mutation for MYOC in Indian population, c.144G>T resulting in p.Q48H was found. In another family POAG-02, a novel mutation for CYP1B1 gene, c.650 G>A resulting in p.D217N was detected. For exploration of potential effects of antioxidants (Resveratrol & Ascorbic acid) on cultured Human Trabecular meshwork cell line, Cells were purchased from The ScienCell Research Laboratories, Canada. Cultured HTM cells were co-incubated with varying concentrations of H2O2 in growth media for twenty-four hours. Effects of different concentrations of H2O2 on TM cell metabolism were determined by observing the cells under light microscope and detecting mitochondrial enzymes functional activity with the help of MTT assay. It was proved that Resveratrol has more protecting properties than the Ascorbic acid, even at 4.0 mM H2O2, the TM cellular movement was 76%. Underneath co-treatment circumstances, the 1mM Resveratrol maintained TM cell metabolism. Related to H2O2- treated TM cells, resveratrol enhanced role of mitochondria up to 4.0 mM H2O2 (76%). For evaluation of protective effects of co-incubation of Ascorbate and Resveratrol was because of metabolic alteration of Trabecular Meshwork cells, which were pre-treated by Ascorbate and Resveratrol for 24 hours followed by H2O2 treatment termed as “pretreat-only’’. Highly significant differences were noticed for the 1.0 mM H2O2 concentration (Chi Square test, p=0.0001). A considerable decrease in metabolism of Trabecular Meshwork cells was noticed estimating sixty one percent at 1.0 mM of hydrogen peroxide associated to Ascorbic acid – ninety nine percent and Resveratrol ninety nine percent (p=0.0001).
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