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85. Al-Buruj/The Constellations

85. Al-Buruj/The Constellations

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

85:01
a. By the celestial realm full of constellations,

85:02
a. and the Promised Time,

85:03
a. and a witness and a witnessed.

85:04
a. Destroyed were the People of the Ditch,

85:05
a. of the fire abounding in fuel, it will be fueled,

85:06
a. as they gathered around it,

85:07
a. witnessing to what they were doing to the believers,

85:08
a. and they avenged them merely because they believed in Allah – The One and Only God,
b. The Almighty, All-Praiseworthy,

85:09
a. Allah - the One WHO holds the reign over the celestial realm and the terrestrial world,
b. and Allah is Witness to everything.

85:10
a. Surely, for those who oppress and persecute the believing males and the believing females,
b. and then do not repent of their evil,
c. for them will be severe suffering of Hell,
d. added to that shall also be suffering of the Blazing Fire for having tortured to death the believers.

726 Surah 85 * Al-Buruj

85:11
a. Indeed, those who believe and practice righteousness, for them will be Paradise under which rivers/streams flow.
b. Such will be the great success!

85:12
a. Nevertheless, the grip/onslaught of your Rabb - The Lord against the disbelievers will be intense and painful.

85:13
a. It is, indeed, HE WHO initiated, and
b. will repeat it when HE will choose to.

کتب سماویہ اور انسانی فکر کا ارتقاء ایک علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Allah has created human being and gave him the power of intellectual understandings. To utilize and make positive use of this Allah sent Holy books for guidance. While, keeping the sequence of these books and the historical evolution of human mind, one can easily recognize the symmetrical progress in both. Human starts living in caves and through his intelligence created homes to live, tools to gain meal, and so on, till todays growth. As far as, evolution of Holy books is considered, Scriptures were revealed in different portions as human at that stage couldn’t write or store on pages or another source. Old Testament was revealed earlier. It is combination of Torah, Psalms and other books. In the context of Islam, Torah was the first book revealed on Hazrat Mosa, in which commandments were given as per the level of Bani Israel. Afterwards, Psalms, containing poetic way inspires Bani Israel after the Torah and the Bible Last Holy book in the generation of Israel, comprises of observational and experiential way, as required in that era. Holy Quran, compiled and final version of all the past version, is summary and elemental book. In which, descriptive, observational, experiential, poetic, logical, argumentative and comprehensive technique are present. These all shows, ultimate intellectual growth of human is being address in Holy Quran. As Human is now intellectually at its peak so the teaching and techniques used are at highest level of literature, showing the step by step evolution and association of Holy books with Human being.

Attribution and Influence Perception of Success Among Male and Female Managers: A Perspective of Pakistani Private Sector Organizations

Thesis Title: ATTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE PERCEPTION OF SUCCESS AMONG MALE AND FEMALE MANAGERS: A PERSPECTIVE OF PAKISTANI PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS This study investigated whether people’s attribution for success and failure do reflect identifiable dimensions and whether or not these were compatible with those proposed by Weiner (1985, 2004) mainly internal and external locus of control. Moreover, it also looked at the perceived influence used by managers, mainly rationality, ingratiation and exchange maneuvers. It was hypothesized that success will be attributed more to internal factors like ability etc; whereas failure will be attributed to external factors like luck etc. The gender of the managers was believed to influence the attributions made, with males’ success and females’ failure attributed to internal causes. For influence perceptions, it was hypothesized that success will be attributed to the usage of ingratiation and exchange maneuvers as well as rationality maneuvers. As for the gender of the managers, it was hypothesized that males’ success will be assigned to the more frequent usage of rationality maneuvers, whereas the success of female managers will be assigned to the more frequent usage of ingratiation and exchange maneuvers. The design of the study was experimental and four hundred employees from the private sector organizations of Pakistan participated in this investigation. The overall design of this study was a 2 (managers: most successful/least successful) X 2 (manager’s sex: male/female) X 2 (participants sex: male/female) between-subjects factorial. This means that this was a 2x2x2 factorial design because three independent variables were examined: the managers’ success, the managers’ gender and the subjects’ gender all with two categories each. Data was gathered with the help of a self-report questionnaire with closed questions that included scaled items. MANOVA and ANOVA techniques were performed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed only partial acceptance of the hypotheses proposed. As predicted, success by a male was assigned to skill (internal), whereas the lack of career success in a female was attributed to lack of skill (internal). For influence perceptions, male’s success was assigned to the more frequent use of rationality maneuvers compared to the other managers. The gender of the participants was not significant in the evaluations of the manager. Moreover limitations, future research, directions, and implications for organizations were also discussed.
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