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حدیثِ خواب گویم

حدیثِ خواب گویم
سفر نامے کے بنیادی لوازمات میں سے ایک سفر بھی ہے ۔جب کہ اس میں برتی جانے والی پابندیوں میں سب سے اہم فسوں گری اور مبالغے سے اجتناب ہے۔ یہ لوازمات اور پابندیاں کسی اور ملک کے سفر پر نکلے سفر نامہ نگار کے لیے زیادہ مشکل نہ ہوں مگر سفر اگر مصر کا ہو تو سفر نامہ نگار کے لیے یہ دو دھاری تلوار پر چلنے سے کم نہیں۔
مصری تہذیب کی حقیقت جس قدر مسلمہ ہے اس قدر فسوں آمیز۔ یہاں کے نظارے اس حد تک تحیر آمیز ہیں کہ ان پر بات کرنی اور اس پر تحریر کرتے وقت طلسماتی ارتعاش اور فینتاسی سے خود کو الگ کرنا ممکن ہی نہیں ہوتا۔
فوق الفطری ماحول اور فضا، قصہ در قصہ بنیادی حقیقت اور واقعے کے ساتھ ضمنی کہانیاں ،غیر مرئی حقیقت ،انسانوں کے علاوہ جانوروں اور چرند پرند سے منسلک واقعات، مرکزی کرداروں کی غیر معمولی طاقت اور حیثیت ،معاون کرداروں کی فوجِ ظفر موج، مشکلات، رکاوٹوں کاذکر، مذہبی اور دینی عقاید و تجربات ،آسمانی اور انسانی قوانین کا ذکر اور نفاذ غرض وہ تمام لوازمات جو کسی افسانوی تحریر کے خاصے ہوتے ہیں ، مصر پر لکھے سفر نامے کے بنیادی شرائط و لوازم بن جاتے ہیں۔
ان ہی لوازمات کی وجہ سے سفر نامہ داستان اور فسوں گری کا لبادہ اوڑھ لیتا ہے۔ لکھاری تہذیبی، تاریخی اور ذاتی داخلیت کا شکار ہو جاتا ہے۔ مسافر کے ساتھ بھی اس سفر پر کچھ ایسا ہی ہوا۔ جہاں بھی گیا حقیقتیں، حسین تخیل اور سچائیاں فینتاسی کا روپ دھار لیتیں، چاہے یہ حقیقتیں فراعینِ مصر کی ہوں یا یہ سچائیاں وادیٔ سینا کی طلسماتی فضا کی ہوں جہاں ریب و تکذیب کی گنجائش نہ ہوتے ہوئے بھی میری فکر افسوں اور بالعکس فسوں کے ساتھ ابہام و سحر کی خواب...

The Enigma of Stable Employment: Does Job Security Really Make Difference in Employee Performance?

Employees are the precious assets of organizations and play a vital role in success or failure of any organization. Job security is one of the main goals of employees in Pakistan. It is also considered one of the important factors for job attitude. As it has been considered and supported by researches that job security creates job satisfaction and job satisfaction has positive relationship with performance. This research explored relationship between job security and job performance of employees in organization. The sample consists of 60 employees from nine organizations of District Badin (Private, Public & NGOs), convenient sampling technique was used. Close-ended Questionnaire was divided in two portions, the first portion comprises on 6 items about job security that was filled by employees, and the second portion consists of 15 items about job performance and was filled by their bosses afterward. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 in terms of Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Correlation. Non-confirmed employees are performing better as compared to confirmed employees due to fear of loss of job at any time as they believe that performance causes to get a job secured. Results demand for serious consideration about motivation, evaluation, confirmation and probation policies in organizations.

Effect of Exogenous Application of Triacontanol on Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. under Salt Stress

In order to investigate the effect of exogenous application of triacontanol (TRIA) on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars [S-24 (a salt tolerant) and MH-97 (a moderately salt sensitive)] under salt stress, two independent experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. Both wheat cultivars were grown in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution under non-saline (0 mM NaCl) and saline (150 mM NaCl) conditions. Three optimized TRIA levels (0, 10 and 20 μM) were used both as foliar sprayed at three growth stages i.e. vegetative, boot and veg. + boot stages and as seed-priming. In foliar-spray set of experiments ninety two-day old, while in seed-priming experiment twenty four-day old plants were subjected to data analysis for various growth, physiological and biochemical attributes. Salinity stress adversely affected growth and yield (shoot and root fresh and dry weights, total leaf area per plant, shoot and root length, grain yield, number of grains and number of tillers per plant, 100-seed weight), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll contents (chl. a, b and a/b ratio), leaf water relations (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor potential), relative water content (%), electron transport rate (ETR), shoot and root K+ and Ca2+ ions and K+/Na+ ratios, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity (in cv. MH-97 only), Rooting medium salinity stress did not alter sub-stomatal internal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, water use efficiency (WUE), efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching exiton (NPQ) of both wheat cultivars, but increased co-efficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN), membrane permeability (%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malonedialdehyde (MDA), shoot and root Na+ and Cl- contents, activity of catalase (CAT), leaf soluble proteins and total free amino acids, free proline, glycinebetaine and total phenolic contents. Exogenous application of TRIA as a foliar spray significantly increased all growth and yield attributes, photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), chl. a and b contents and ETR value, leaf water potential, decreased leaf osmotic potential at vegetative stage, while increased at boot stage of both cultivars at all growth stages, shoot and root K+ (cv. S-24) and Ca2+ in both cultivars, root K+/Na+ ratios in cv. S-24 under non-saline conditions, increased Cl- contents under non-saline, while decreased under saline conditions. Foliar spray of TRIA increased photochemical quenching at boot and veg. + boot stages under non-saline conditions, while decreased non-photochemical quenching exciton (NPQ) value in both cultivars at all growth stages, qN values only in cv. MH-97 at vegetative + boot stages, total phenolics at boot and veg. + boot stages and shoot Na+ in both wheat cultivars under saline conditions. Pre-sowing seed treatment of TRIA did not improve growth or yield attributes, gas exchange characteristics, leaf osmotic and turgor potentials, and enzyme activities of SOD and CAT. However, TRIA application increased stomatal conductance under non-saline conditions and net CO2 assimilation rate under saline conditions of both cultivars, while POD activity (both cultivars) and water potential (only cv. S-24) under both saline and non-saline conditions. Performance of salt tolerant cultivar S-24 was good in growth (shoot fresh and dry weights, and shoot length), stomatal conductance (gs), chl. a/b ratios and ETR value, leaf water relations, shoot and root K+, Ca2+ and Cl- ions, K+/Na+ ratios, soluble proteins and free amino acids, free proline, in terms of foliar spray experiment. The design of both experiments was completely randomized with four replicates in each set.
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