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انور نعمانی

انور نعمانی مرحوم
علامہ شبلیؒ نعمانی نے اپنے بھائی مولوی محمد اسحاق مرحوم وکیل الہ آباد ہائی کورٹ کی موت پر اپنے ایک پر درد نوحہ میں یہ فرمایا تھا۔
مرنے والے کو نجات ابدی کی ہو نوید
خوش و خرم رہے چھوٹایہ مرا بھائی جنید
ان ہی جناب جنید نعمانی کے مرحوم کے اکلوتے بیٹے انور نعمانی مرحوم تھے، جنھوں نے لگ بھگ اسّی۸۰ سال کی عمر میں کراچی میں مئی ۱۹۸۶؁ء کے آخری ہفتہ میں وفات پائی، مرحوم اپنے والد بزرگوار کے سایۂ عا طفت میں بڑے لاڈ پیار اور ناز ونعمت سے پلے، تعلیم مسلم یو نیو رسٹی علی گڑھ میں پائی، گھر میں دولت تھی، اس لئے ان کو نوکری کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں پڑی، کچھ دنوں مرزا پور میں فارم کیا، چھوٹی موٹی تجارت بھی کی، پھر حضرت مولانا اشرف علی تھانویؒ کے خلیفہ مولانا عبدالغنی پھولپوری کے ایسے گرویدہ اور فریضتہ ہوئے کہ وہ نقل وطن کرکے کراچی چلے گئے تو یہ بھی اپنا گھربار سب کچھ چھوڑ کر ان ہی کے ساتھ وہاں رہنے لگے، جب تک اعظم گڑھ میں رہے دارالمصنفین والوں کے یار وفادار اور غم گسار بن کر ان کے لئے اپنی محبت کا دم بھرنا زندگی کا شعار بنائے رکھا۔ کراچی میں ان کے اکلوتے لڑکے سرکاری نوکر ہیں، اچھے حال میں ہیں ،پھر ان کے اور قریبی اعزہ بھی وہاں بہت خوش حال ہیں، مگر انھوں نے کسی کے یہاں رہنا پسند نہیں کیا، اپنے مرشد کی ایک پسند یدہ مسجد سے ملحق ایک کٹیا ان ہی کے نام پر ایک عبادت گاہ کے گوشے میں رہ کر اپنی بقیہ زندگی گذاردی، کراچی جب جب گیا، ان سے جاکر ضرور ملا، اور ان کی پرانی زندگی کی یادوں کی قندیل روشن کی، کسی زمانے میں صاحب کی طرح زندگی بسر کرنے والے کو ان...

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORK SITES AND SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS.

The study explore the relationship between social media communication and social anxiety among undergraduate students. The respondents were selected using a simple random technique. The data was collected by self-administered interview among 100 undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The Instruments used for data collection includes; Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) and The Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Study revealed that Facebook was the most common social media patronized with 36 (36.70%) patronage, followed by Instagram with 33 (33.70%), WhatsApp 19 (19.40%) and finally Twitter with 10 (10.20%). Based on the respondents, most students use the social media for social communications and seeking information. The level of social anxiety among most undergraduate students of Human Ecology faculty in Universiti Putra Malaysia is high because approximately two third of the respondents possessed the higher score in social anxiety level. This implies that most undergraduate students of Universiti Putra Malaysia are up to date in information gathering and the use of social network has helped to facilitate social interaction among fellow students and friends thereby reducing the likelihood of students suffering social anxiety disorder.

Rent Seeking and Economics Efficiency of Selected Manufacturing Industry of Pakistan

The study attempts to empirically establish whether rent seeking diverts industries to non-maximizing direction resulting in lower efficiency scores and hence impaired performance of the economy as a whole. Technical and allocative efficiency scores of six manufacturing industries have been calculated using stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis on a pooled data for the year 1982 to 2005. Subjective evidence from previous studies about collusive rent seeking practices has been incorporated in the methodology. A hypothesis has been tested whether rent seeking causes inefficiency. The results show that industries with subjective evidence of collusive rent seeking empirically prove to be rent seekers with lower technical and allocative efficiency scores compared to fair industries. Hypothetical results prove that Sugar, Cement, and Automobile Manufacturing industries are involved in collusive rent seeking due to which their efficiency scores are significantly lower than fair industries which include Paints, Beverages and Fertilizer industries. In industries affected by rent seeking, profit-maximization approach is replaced by rent-maximization where the entrepreneurs lose interest in increasing productivity and resources are wasted to form collusive bodies to control market factors and have supportive regulations. To offset this affect, protection as well as privatization policies may be formulized carefully and regulatory bodies may be re-structured and neutralized to ensure that rent seeking monopolistic cartels are not formed and as a result a competitive environment is developed. The study recommends that industries may be supplied with cheaper and abundant energy sources for higher efficiency. Labor-intensive production policies may be implemented as the country is abundant in labor supply. Industrial policies by Federal Government should be based on the recommendations of Planning Commission of Pakistan and these policies should be implemented to full extent. Lastly, the public-sector manufacturing and service enterprises should be re-engineered to develop a competitive industrial environment between public and private sectors as this competitive industrial environment would outsmart non-maximizing rent seekers.
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