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ساری راتیں کراں وچار
ساری راتیں کراں وچار
دکھاں درداں نال وہار
دکھاں دی پنڈ چائی پھردا
بھارا ہویا سرے تے بھار
کدی خزاں اُداسی ناہیں
حسن ترے دی عجب بہار
ہونٹ تیرے نیں لال گلابی
اکھاں تیریاں مست خمار
دکھاں درداں ہجراں کُٹھا
برہوں تیرے نیں سٹیا مار
کدی حنیف توں پچھیں جا کے
کہیڑی کیتی درداں کار
النزعة الصوفية في شعر خوشحال خان
This article focuses on the various aspects of Khushal's mystical poetry. Khushal was well-read and had a lot of scholarly exposure. He also spent time in the company of great scholars. All these factors contributed to his mystical poetry. I. According to him the servant of God knows himself. In other words those people know themselves who know Allah. Ii This world becomes a mirage for those who believes in Allah and the world seems a useless place to them. Iii. There is a universe in the heart of a “darwesh”. Iv. There are two types of mind; one is worldly and the other is spiritual. They both consider each other as the same. V. True love does not depend on wisdom but it depends on the passion of the individuals. In short, Khushal khan khattak has expressed great mystical thoughts in his poetry for the benefits of all and sundry, and invites them to think about their near future and see what is happening around them and what will be the answer of that questions which would be asked on the day of resurrection.Boundary Element Methods for Compressible Fluid Flow Problems
The boundary element method is a numerical technique which consists of sub– dividing the boundary of the body into a series of discrete elements, over which the function can vary. This technique offers important advantages over domain type solutions such as finite elements and finite differences. One of the most important features of this method is the much smaller system of equations and the considerable reduction in data required to run a program. Furthermore, the method is well–suited to problems with an infinite domain. Boundary element methods can be formulated using two different approaches called the ‘direct’ and the ‘indirect’ methods. In this thesis, the direct and indirect boundary element methods have been used for the calculation of the compressible fluid flow around arbitrary bodies. The results obtained using boundary element methods have been compared with analytical solutions. These methods have been implemented with the help of computer programming using FORTRAN 77. In chapter (1), statement of the problem, literature survey and brief description of the method of solution are discussed. In chapter (2) the fundamental equations for compressible fluid are given and in chapter (3) mathematical formulation of the equation for inviscid compressible fluid flow is given. In chapter (4) the constitutive equations for the boundary element methods for the interior and exterior domains are derived, and in chapter (5) the various types of boundary elements, the matrix formulation for the8 equation of the direct method. The numerical evaluation of the integrals over an element and the solution of the resultant system of equations are discussed. In chapter (6) the direct and indirect boundary element methods are applied to the three – dimensional potential flow problems and the comparisons of the analytical and computed results are presented. In chapter (7) both the direct and indirect boundary element methods have been used to calculate two dimensional inviscid compressible flow past a symmetric and Joukowski aerofoils. It has been seen that the computed results in all the above mentioned cases are in good agreement with the analytical results. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for future work are given at the end.Journals by Discipline
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