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جنرل ضیاء الحق

آہ! جنرل ضیاء الحق
گزشتہ مہینہ کا معارف اشاعت کے آخری مرحلہ میں تھا کہ اس اذیت ناک خبر نے ہوش و حواس پراگندہ کردیا کہ پاکستان کے صدر جنرل محمد ضیاء الحق ایک ہوئی حادثہ میں جاں بحق ہوگئے، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعُونْ۔ ان کے ساتھ امریکی سفیر، پاکستانی فوج کے تقریباً ایک درجن اعلیٰ افسر اور دوسرے کئی افراد بھی چشم زدن میں ہلاک ہوگئے، جنرل ضیاء الحق کی اس غیرمتوقع اور اچانک شہادت سے پاکستان میں کہرام مچ گیا، ساری دنیائے اسلام میں ماتم بپا ہوگیا اور ان لوگوں کو بڑا دھکا لگا جو سمجھتے تھے کہ مرحوم دنیا کی امامت کا بارا اٹھانے کے لیے امت مرحومہ کو پھر شجاعت و عدالت کا سبق پڑھنے کی تلقین فرما رہے تھے، وہ ایک مذہبی گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، والد کی تربیت اور ماحول کے اثر سے ان میں بھی دینداری اور عقیدہ و عمل کی پختگی رچ بس گئی تھی، جس کا مظاہرہ ان کی ذاتی اور نجی زندگی سے لے کر قومی و بین الاقوامی ہر سطح پر ہوتا رہتا تھا، وہ جس درجہ صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، اسی درجہ ان کی زندگی اور سیرت پاکیزہ تھی، وہ دن میں امور مملکت کی گھتیاں سلجھاتے اور رات کا آخری پہر تسبیح و تہلیل، دعاء و مناجات اور توبہ و استغفار میں گزارتے اور رمضان المبارک کے آخری ایام حرمین شریفین کے لیے وقف رکھتے ؂
تجھ سے ہوا آشکار بندۂ مومن کا راز

اس کے دنوں کی تپش ، اس کی شبوں کا گداز
جب پاکستان کی زمام کار ان کے ہاتھوں میں آئی تو انھوں نے اسے ان خطوط پر چلانے کا مصمم ارادہ کرلیا جن کے لیے یہ وجود میں آیا تھا، ہر قسم کی دشواریوں کے باوجود اسلام کا بول بالا اور احکام شریعت...

اسلام میں تبدیلی مذہب کا مطالعہ: ایک تنقیدی تجزیہ

Muslim scholars have produced various writings in which the process of conversion to Islam has been presented in the form of narratives. However, less consideration has been given to the understanding of nature of this process. Furthermore, the elements which originate and shape this process have also been ignored in the previous studies. After analyzing the sources concerning the study of conversion to Islam, the current article argues that the previous studies, especially by the Muslim scholars, were mostly written for Daʻwah purposes. They did not encourage the analytical dimension of the conversion studies. For a grasp of the complex elements and the strategies underlying this process, the Western scholars divide religious conversion into its diverse types while providing different motifs. However, a critical analysis of their works points out that some of these types and motifs are not applicable to Islam. The current article points out the elements helpful in explaining the process of conversion to Islam keeping in line with the Holy Qur’ān and Sunnah. Moreover, this paper also purports that the study of Ḥadīth, spiritual experiences of converts, and the opinions of the scholars supports the concept of fiṭrah to be used as a framework for a thorough understanding of this process.

Relationship Among Qualifications, Experience, Gender, Professional Attitudes and Performance of Directors of Physical Education in Administration of Sports Activities in Government Colleges

Title: Relationship among Qualifications, Experience, Gender, Professional Attitudes, and Performance of Directors of Physical Education in Administration of Sports Activities in Government Colleges Pages: 224 Researcher: Salahuddin Khan Advisor: Professor Dr. Muhammad Shah University: Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan) Year: 2008 Subject Area: Sports Sciences Degree: PhD in Education The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of experience, qualifications, and gender with professional attitudes and performance of Directors of Physical Education working in government colleges of North West Frontier Province (NWFP) Pakistan. Seven Research questions were formulated in order to find out; (a) is there any relationship of professional attitudes with experience, qualifications, and gender of Directors of Physical Education, (b) Is there any relationship of ivPerformance with experience, qualifications, and gender of Directors of Physical Education?(c) is there any relationship of performance (General Qualities) aspects of DPEs with their experience, qualifications, and gender, (d) is there any relationship of performance (Content Knowledge) aspects of DPEs with their experience, qualifications, and gender, (e) is there any relationship of performance (Classroom Management) aspects of DPEs with their experience, qualifications, and gender, (f) is there any relationship of performance (Coaching Performance) aspects of DPEs with their experience, qualifications, and gender, and (g) is there any relationship of performance (Professional and Personal Qualities) aspects of DPEs with their experience, qualifications, and gender. For data collection two types of instruments were used (a) professional attitudes having 57 items and (b) DPEs performance evaluation having 64 items. These instruments were developed from the available literature (Baumgartner et al (1995), Corbin B. Charles et al (2004), Bucher A. Charles (1978), Mathews K. Donald (1978), Best W. John (1977), Safrit J. Margaret (1981), Johnson L. Barry et al (1988) and Shah M (2004), and (Evaluation of Student Teaching Final Report form of Towson University Maryland), and from different instruments already used for attitude measures and performance evaluation. In order to make the instrument reliable, both the instruments were send to 70 experts all over the country (mostly from NWFP the province where vthe study was conducted, from Sindh province, Punjab province and from Islamabad the Capital of Pakistan), out of which 50 responses were received. The responses were analyzed for reliability in statistical program “STATISTICA”. For professional attitudes instrument out of 57 items, 39 items were selected as reliable having the Cronbach alpha 0.90. Similarly for performance evaluation of DPEs instrument out of 64 items, only 41 items were selected as reliable having the Cronbach alpha 0.94. The professional attitudes scale having 39 reliable items was administered among 90 Directors of Physical Education working in 72 different colleges in NWFP, while performance evaluation scale having 41 reliable items was administered among 1800 students of graduate level studying in the colleges of NWFP. Responses were quantified with 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= neutral, 4= agree, and 5= strongly agree. In professional attitudes scale the scores were revised in case of items showing negative attitudes. In order to analyze the data Pearson Product Moment of co-efficient of correlation “r” was used as statistical technique. Main findings of the study were as follows: (a) the professional attitudes of Directors of Physical Education relationship with experience, qualifications, and gender were not significant. (b) The performance of Directors of Physical Education relationship with experience was found insignificant. Similarly, qualifications and gender were also found insignificant when correlated with the performance of Directors of Physical viEducation. (c) The relationship of performance (General Qualities) aspects with experience, qualifications, and gender of Directors of Physical Education were not significant. (d) The performance (Content Knowledge and teaching skills) aspects were found insignificant when correlated with experience, and gender of Directors of Physical Education, while (Content Knowledge & teaching skills) aspects of performance of Directors of Physical Education were positively correlated with qualifications. (e) The performance (Classroom Management) aspects were positively correlated with experience and qualifications; on the other hand it was negatively correlated with gender of Directors of Physical Education. (f) Coaching aspect of performance was not significantly correlated with experience, and qualifications of Directors of Physical Education. On the other hand (Coaching Performance) aspects were negatively correlated with gender (Female) of Directors of Physical Education. (g) No significant relationships were found between performance (Professional and Personal Qualities) aspects of Directors of Physical Education with their experience, qualifications, and gender.
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