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تقلیدِ مصطفیٰ ؐ میں اگر سر نہیں گیا


تقلیدِ مُصطفیٰؐ میں اگر سر نہیں گیا
سجدہ اجابتوں کے سفر پر نہیں گیا

اُس کو رہِ حیات میں منزل نہ مل سکی
جو راہِ مصطفی سے گزر کر نہیں گیا

جیسے خدائے پاک کا ثانی کہیں نہیں
نبیوںؑ میں کوئی تیرےؐ برابر نہیں گیا

محشر کے روز بجھ نہ سکی اُس کی تشنگی
لے کر جو پیاس جانبِ کوثر نہیں گیا

تنہا گئے ہیں صاحبِ معراجؐ سوئے عرش
جبریلؑ کا جہاں پر شہپر نہیں گیا

مجھ کو عطا وہؐ کرتے گئے آرزوئے شوق
جب تک کہ میرا کاسۂ دل بھر نہیں گیا

عرفانؔ! جس کو مل گئی خیرالوریٰؐ سے خیر
وہ بھیک مانگنے کبھی در در نہیں گیا

M.H. Panhwar as a Historian

The scope of this article is to find out the strengths and weaknesses of M.H. Panhwar’s historical work and to compare it with other scholars of Sindh. He is the initiator of scientific history writing of Sindh and the only historian who tried to uncover the face behind the social organisation of Sindh. According to him, ‘History is the history of production, control over the means of production and production to its final distribution’. The history is more about people than that of the ruling class as people are makers of history. He had vision to analyze things in their correct historical perspective and, in this context, he took support of archeology, as it is the source of scientific truth. Writing history with data acquired through carbon testing is a new phenomenon in Sindh, which was locally introduced by M. H Panhwar.1 M. H. Panhwar, therefore, was one of the pioneers in giving a new meaning to history by including both ruling elites and the common folk, progressive science, crop technology, forest, wildlife, etc.2 He was the first to throw light on areas which were ignored by other historians. According to him, history written before him is full of the accounts of the rulers’ role in relation to their nobles and foes, battles they fought, attacks, palace plotting, mausoleums, folklore, fiction and so on. Accounts regarding contemporary climate, environments, diversion of rivers, courses and the resultant ruination of irrigation systems, migrations, shifting of people, occupations, social life of the populace etc. Found little room in written histories. For instance changes in production and its means, administration and justice, agriculture, land, animal husbandry, irrigation sources and methods of mining, metallurgy, industry and industrial goods, matrimonial institutions, family and children, houses and interiors, art, architecture, archaeology, personal appearance, dresses, ornaments, foods and drinks, taxes, coins and currency, science and technology, foreign contacts, international trades and traders, routes of trades, religious beliefs, philosophy, hygiene, medicine and doctors, superstitions, common citizens, economic conditions, historical geography of bygone ages, classes of work and their relation with one another, household life, customs, entertainments, pastimes, leisure, attitude of man to nature, languages, literature, literary contacts with outside word, learning and thoughts, status of women and children in affluence and extreme poverty.3 Hence, in real sense M.H Panhwar was scholar of Haig’s Raverty’s and Lambrick’s calibre.

A Randomized Control Trial of English-Speaking Advanced Cancer Patients at Akus Medical and Surgical Clinics and the Impact on Qol of One Session of Dignity Therapy

Background: Palliative care is a modality of treatment that addresses physical, psychological and spiritual symptoms. Dignity therapy, a form of psychotherapy, was developed by Professor Harvey Chochinov, MD in 2005. Methods: This was a randomized control trial of 144 patients (72 in each arm) randomized into group 1 (intervention arm) and group 2 (control arm). Baseline ESAS scores were determined in both arms following which group 1 received Dignity therapy while Group 2 received usual care only. Data collected was presented as Legacy documents to group 1 participants. Post intervention ESAS scores were obtained in both groups after 6 weeks. Analysis was based on the intention to treat principle and descriptive statistics computed. The main outcome was symptom distress scores on the ESAS (summated out of 100 and symptom specific scores out of 10). The student T-test was used to test for difference in ESAS scores at follow up and graphs computed for common cancers and comorbidities. Results: Of the 144 (72 patients in each arm) patients randomized, 70%were female while 30% were male with a mean age of 50 years. At 6 weeks, 11 patients were lost to follow up, seven died and 126 completed the study. The commonly encountered cancers were gastrointestinal cancers (43%, p=0.29), breast cancer (27.27% p=0.71) and gynaecologic cancers (23% p=0.35).Majority of the patients i.e. 64.3% had no comorbidities. After adjusting for baseline scores, the mean (summated) symptom distress score was not significant (GLM p=0.78). Dignity therapy group showed a trend towards statistical improvement in anxiety (p=0.059). The largest effects seen were in improvement of appetite, lower anxiety and improved wellbeing (Cohen effect size 0.3, 0.5 and 0.31 respectively). Conclusion: Dignity therapy showed no statistical improvement in overall quality of life. Symptom improvement was seen in anxiety and this was a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.059).
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