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المبحث الأول: أصلها ونسبها

المبحث الأول: أصلها ونسبها

 وُلدت بروین شاکر في بیتِ عزِ وشرفٍ وأصل أجدادھا من الھند، وھي من بیتِ علم وثقافۃ وشعر وأدب، فقد تعلّم جد الشاعرۃ (پروین شاکر) السید أبو الحسن في (پٹنہ) بتنہ في مسجدِ شمس الھُدیٰ[1]، وکان لہُ ثمانیۃ أولادٍ وبنتان، وکان والد بروین شاکر أصغر أولادہِ، وھو شاکر حسین، وکان یحب الشعر منذ صغرہ، ثم انتقل شاکر حسین من بتنہ إلی کراتشي، یبحث عن مستقبل رائعٍ، ثمّ تزوج بفتاۃٍ إسمھا أفضل النساء وھي والدۃ بروین شاکر[2]۔

ولادتها

 ولدت لسید شاکر حسین إبنتُہ الأولی في 12 مارس 1950م التي سماھا نسرین[3]، وفي 24 نوفمبر 1952م ولدت ابنتہُ الثانیۃ والتي سُمیت ب (پروین بانو)[4]، وبعدھا نسبتاً إلی أبیھا سمیت ب(پروین شاکر) وأسمھا في شھادۃ الماجستیر (پروین بیگم)[5]، وأھلھا کانوا یسمونھا بالمحبۃ والدلع ب(پارو). تقول ھي بنفسھا أن (پارو)، و (پارا) أسماء الدلع والدلال کانوا أھلی یسمونی بھا (Nick Name)[6]۔

تعلیمها

کان تعلیم بروین شاکر الإبتدائی في(حي الرضویۃ) في (المدرسۃ الإسلامیۃ) في کراتشي مع شقیقتھا نسرین، أمّا بروین فکانت طالبۃ مجتھدۃ منذ طفولتھا، فقد سُجّلت في المدرسۃ في الصف الثالث ولکن بجھدھا ومحاولتھا ألحقت بأختھا نسرین في الصف الخامس۔

 بعدما أکملت الشاعرۃ دراستھا الإبتدائیۃ ألحقت بمدرسۃ في (Sun rising school) [7] ثم أخذت الشاعرۃ تشارک في مختلف العلوم والمسابقات بجانب دراستھا وتفوقھا الدراسي، المسابقات المختلفۃ والمباحثات أضافت في فھمھا وفطانتھا وأیضاً شارکت في الأعمال الأدبیۃ المدرسیۃ مما ساعدھا علی زیادۃ ثقافتھا وأدبھا۔

 ثم بدأت الشاعرۃ تُطالع کتب الأدب والمذھب والقصص الدینیۃ وقد فازت في ھذہ المدرسۃ بجائزۃِ في...

Islamic Perspective of Governance and Judiciary: A Literature Review

The aim of this research is to accumulate the literature related to an Islamic ideology for two of the basic components of a State, Governance and Judiciary; both have a strong impact on society. Pakistan is an Islamic ideological state, the only Islamic rule created on the name of religion after the state established by the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) in Medina. Its constitution and the style of governance should have its foundation based upon the principles of Islam; this is the main concept behind the creation of “Islamic Republic of Pakistan”. The paper will review some of the basic requirements for an administrative system to be qualified as Islamic way of governance and the judicial system in Islam includes the formulation of a comprehensive ideology of human equality and justice; the creation of a powerful incentive to adopt this ideology; and to establish a living example of equality and justice at all levels of life by defining the Islamic Judicial System & Its Legal Basis. Different Quranic verses, sayings and acts of Muslim jurists in this perspective are also studied. The paper has literature review in two major parts, first we will cover governance and Islam along with some basic terminologies from Islamic point of view and in the later part Judiciary, the concept of Justice and Judicial system in Islam will be discussed.

The Impact of Climate Change on Dairy Production for Pakistan Using Ricardian Approach

Global climate change has started affecting virtually all forms of life. It is now a well acceptable truth all over the world. Pakistan being an agrarian economy depends largely on the prosperity of agriculture and livestock sector. A good chunk of GDP is springing from this sector. Livestock contributes about 11.11 percent in the GDP of Pakistan. This sector is either explicitly or implicitly affected by the changing tendencies of the climatic variables i.e. temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. This study was conducted with the aim at observing the impact of climate change on the dairy production in Pakistan during 2001-02 and 2015-2016. Research followed quantitative as well as qualitative analytical tools. Ricardian analysis is operated to quantify the likely impact on dairy production. Data is of secondary nature and collected from Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES), Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan. On the other hand, climatic variable data is collected from Pakistan Meteorology Department. The quantitative phase is followed by a qualitative phase by conducting Key Informant Interviews (KII‘s) of key stakeholders. Ricardian analysis shows that warming is going to impact dairy animals in Pakistan creating heat stress on animal thus lowering feed intake, imbalance in feed intake and health issues. The situation is worse in 2015-16 as compare to 2001-02. However, interesting findings are obtained for maximum and minimum temperature values of temperature where minimum temperature value is playing a compensating role to compensate the losses from maximum temperature. This is an important finding and needs to explore more. On the other hand rainfall has shown positive impact on livestock; however the positive impacts are so small that they will be offset by increase in temperature. As far as provinces are concerned, the situation has worsened between 2001-02 and 2015-16. Being the home of over 70 percent livestock and food basket of Pakistan, Punjab needs special attention to address the dairy issue. Experts have suggested few adaptation options and mitigation is somewhat not applicable in case of dairy due to more than 80 percent of small farmers involved in dairy farming. Government needs to device and suggest practical and innovative business model to dairy farmer to cope with climate change. Feed security policy is dire need of time. Reviving pure breeds and stop random crossing of dairy animals are also recommended. Like agro-climatic zones, dairy-climatic zoning is also needed so that effective policy can be devised.
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