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عبداﷲ یوسف علی

عبداﷲ یوسف علی
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دنوں ہماری گزشتہ قومی زندگی کاایک اورستون گر گیا یعنی مسڑعبداﷲ یوسف علی نے لندن میں وفات پائی۔مرحوم انگریزی زبان کے نامور انشا پرداز، مشہور ماہر ِتعلیم اور متعدد بلند پایہ کتابوں کے نامور مصنف تھے۔ انڈین سول سروس سے الگ ہونے کے بعد وہ دومرتبہ اسلامیہ کالج لاہور کے پرنسپل ہوئے اوریہیں ان کے دل ودماغ میں یکایک ایک عجیب مذہبی اوردینی انقلاب ہوا۔جس کے باعث انہوں نے قرآن مجید کاانگریزی ترجمہ کرنا شروع کر دیا۔ترجمہ کی زبان کس قدراعلیٰ اوربلندپایہ ہے اس کی دادوہی دیں گے جن کو انگریزی زبان وادب کا ذوق ہے اورجو مختلف اسالیب کی باریکیوں سے واقف ہیں۔ترجمہ کے علاوہ جگہ جگہ تفسیری نوٹ بھی بڑے فاضلانہ اورعالمانہ ہیں اور سب سے بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ چوں کہ مرحوم نے ترجمہ کے وقت حضرت شاہ عبدالقادر دہلویؒ کے اردو ترجمہ قرآن کوخاص طورپر پیش نظر رکھا تھا اس بنا پر اب تک انگریزی میں جتنے بھی تراجم شائع ہوچکے ہیں صحت عقائد کے لحاظ سے صرف مرحوم کاہی ایک ترجمہ ان سب میں ایسا ہے جس پر اعتماد کیا جاسکتا ہے۔ مرحوم کو درحقیقت قرآن مجید کے ساتھ عشق ساہوگیاتھا اوراسی کااثر تھاکہ وہ اسی زمانہ میں حرمین شریفین کی زیارت اورحج بیت اﷲ کی سعادت وشرف سے بہرہ یاب ہوئے۔واپسی پر جب کبھی وہ سرپرعقال اوربدن پرجُبہ وعبا کے ساتھ نظر آتے تھے توبڑے بھلے لگتے تھے۔اسلامیہ کالج کے طلبا کونماز کی اوردیگر شعائر اسلامی کی پابندی واحترام کی بڑی تاکید کرتے رہتے تھے۔جمعہ کی نماز کالج کی مسجد میں کبھی کبھی خود بھی پڑھاتے تھے، ورنہ نماز سے پہلے یانماز کے بعد وعظ تو اکثر ہی کہتے تھے۔عادات واخلاق کے لحاظ سے بڑے خلیق وملنسار مگر حددرجہ باحمیت وخودداراورہمدرد وغم گسارتھے۔ضابطہ پسندی اوراصول پروری ان کی فطرت تھی۔حق تعالیٰ مغفرت وبخشش...

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Behavior of Bacterial Isolates from Different Clinical Samples at Nishtar Hospital Multan

The pathogenic bacteria are getting resistant to antibiotics is significantly growing in the developing countries of the world including Pakistan. The present study was designed to find the basic study on resistance among the patients coming to the Nishtar Hospital, Multan. The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Total 387 clinical samples of urine, pus, high vaginal swab (HVS) and wound were surveyed for the existence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. For these bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. E. Coli was the most prevalent isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas. E. Coli was predominated in urine, pus, HVS and wound specimens. Occurance of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were 7.9 %, 3.9 %, 14.7 % and 1.4 % respectively among the clinical specimens. E. Coli shows highest resistance to Linezolid (98.3%) followed by Ceftrizone (90.8%), Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (85%), Moxifloxacin (82.5%). High frequency of resistance specifies that there is an unremitting requirement of surveillance of resistance behaviour of antimicrobial agents in our study is to investigate the trend of this problem.

The Impact of Climate Change on Dairy Production for Pakistan Using Ricardian Approach

Global climate change has started affecting virtually all forms of life. It is now a well acceptable truth all over the world. Pakistan being an agrarian economy depends largely on the prosperity of agriculture and livestock sector. A good chunk of GDP is springing from this sector. Livestock contributes about 11.11 percent in the GDP of Pakistan. This sector is either explicitly or implicitly affected by the changing tendencies of the climatic variables i.e. temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. This study was conducted with the aim at observing the impact of climate change on the dairy production in Pakistan during 2001-02 and 2015-2016. Research followed quantitative as well as qualitative analytical tools. Ricardian analysis is operated to quantify the likely impact on dairy production. Data is of secondary nature and collected from Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES), Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan. On the other hand, climatic variable data is collected from Pakistan Meteorology Department. The quantitative phase is followed by a qualitative phase by conducting Key Informant Interviews (KII‘s) of key stakeholders. Ricardian analysis shows that warming is going to impact dairy animals in Pakistan creating heat stress on animal thus lowering feed intake, imbalance in feed intake and health issues. The situation is worse in 2015-16 as compare to 2001-02. However, interesting findings are obtained for maximum and minimum temperature values of temperature where minimum temperature value is playing a compensating role to compensate the losses from maximum temperature. This is an important finding and needs to explore more. On the other hand rainfall has shown positive impact on livestock; however the positive impacts are so small that they will be offset by increase in temperature. As far as provinces are concerned, the situation has worsened between 2001-02 and 2015-16. Being the home of over 70 percent livestock and food basket of Pakistan, Punjab needs special attention to address the dairy issue. Experts have suggested few adaptation options and mitigation is somewhat not applicable in case of dairy due to more than 80 percent of small farmers involved in dairy farming. Government needs to device and suggest practical and innovative business model to dairy farmer to cope with climate change. Feed security policy is dire need of time. Reviving pure breeds and stop random crossing of dairy animals are also recommended. Like agro-climatic zones, dairy-climatic zoning is also needed so that effective policy can be devised.
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