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اور جہاز پھٹ گیا

اور جہاز پھٹ گیا

پہلی اورآخری بار غلام اسحاق خان اچھا لگا اور جہاز پھٹ گیا کی وجہ سے میری رہائی جو 2009ء میں 25سال بعد ہو نی تھی ۔1988میں ہو گئی ۔

17August1988

ہم لوگ اڈیالہ جیل راولپنڈی میںتھے جیل کی گنتی بند ہو چکی تھی کہ اچانک جیل کے اندر عام قیدیوں کے نعروں کی آواز گو نجنے لگی ۔میں جیل کی ڈیوٹی پر موجود سپاہی سے پوچھا کہ کیا ہوا ہے ۔ اس نے کہا اڑتی اڑتی خبر آئی ہے کہ جنرل ضیاء الحق کا جہاز کریش ہو گیا ہے پاکستانی خبریں تو ہم کم ہی سنتے تھے اس دن ریڈیو لگایا تو جنرل ضیاء الحق کے مرنے کی خبر تھی ۔کانوںکو یقین نہیں آ رہا تھا ۔ مجھے اپنی ماںیاد آ گئی جب میری سزائے موت عمر قید میں تبدیل ہو ئی تو وہ مٹھائی لے کر آئیں میںنے کہا مجھے 25سال سزا ہو ئی ہے وہ بولیں کہ زندگی بچ گئی اب مجھے پتہ ہے کہ جب تک جنرل ضیاہے تم جیل میں ہو ۔ہزاروں مائوں کی سنی گئی ۔دسمبر 88میں محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کی حکومت بننے کے بعد پاکستان بھر کی جیلوں میں موجود ہزاروں سیاسی قیدی رہا ہوئے وگرنہ میری رہائی مارچ 2009ء میں 25سال بعد ہو نی تھی ۔

 

Welcome Note from Editor-in-Chief

It is with great pleasure that I write this editorial to welcome you to the first issue of this new International journal, “Pakistan Biomedical Journal” (PBMJ). The topics covered by the journal are certainly broad and interesting. Biomedical science is a collection of applied sciences that help us understand, research, and innovate within the field of healthcare. It includes disciplines like molecular biology, clinical virology, bioinformatics, and biomedical engineering, among others. It's designed to apply the biological sciences to advance not only individual health but also the area of public health. Biomedical Research can help health professions better understand things like the human body and cell biology, making advances in our understanding of epidemics, health initiatives, and human health in the age of longer life expectancy. It aids our understanding of infectious disease and provides research opportunities into some of our most troubling health issues. The journal will continue to publish high quality clinical and biomedical research in health and disease later in life. Peer review will remain a vital component of our assessment of submitted articles.I am very happy to have a team of excellent editors and editorial board members from the top international league covering in depth the related topics. They will ensure the highest standards of quality for the published manuscripts and, at the same time, keep the process time as short as possible. We hope to bring best researches in the field of biomedical sciences that may serve as a guideline in health awareness, understanding the mechanisms and its management in future.   We definitely look forward to receiving your excellent studies to making PBMJ synonymous with high quality in the biomedical science domain.

The Retention of Girls in School in Pakistan

While many problems have besieged the education of girls over the years, one problem has plagued the various governments of Pakistan: getting girls to finish secondary school. Although in Pakistan all governments stipulate policies and envisage plans to provide schooling to all young people, the problem of dropping out appears to be increasing among girls. The focus of this study was to explore some ways in which the retention rate of girls in school may be maximized. However, in order to provide any measures through which this might be done, it was necessary to find out some of the reasons why girls drop out of school. Therefore, in the first instance, the study sought to investigate the factors which made it difficult or impossible for girls to complete secondary school. Different communities in Karachi were selected for this study. Because much of the previous research on female education has been focused on the rural areas of Pakistan, this study was carried out in Karachi, one of the largest cities of Pakistan. The factors which the research identified in connection with girls leaving school before completion included the following: 1. Socio-economic reasons 2. Early marriage 3. An irrelevant curriculum 4. The negative attitude of teachers The study also revealed that women have limited accessibility to education due to certain subtle, obvious or else concealed discrimination against them. In the light of the findings of this study various measures have been recommended for implementation in order to improve the retention rate of girls in school.
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