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مولانا حمید الدین فیض آبادی

مولانا حمید الدین فیض آبادی
سخت افسوس ہے ہمارے عزیز دوست اور فاضل رفیق مولانا سید حمید الدین صاحب فیض آبادی ۱۵؍اور ۱۶؍ نومبر کی درمیانی شب میں مظفر نگر کے قریب کارکے ایک نہایت شدید حادثہ کاشکار ہوکر ڈرائیور کے ساتھ خودبھی اسی وقت جان بحق ہوگئے۔ انا ﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ مولانا کے ساتھ کارمیں اہل خانہ بھی تھے ۔ان میں سے آٹھ نوبرس کاایک نواسہ اس درجہ شدید زخمی ہواکہ چارروز تک مسلسل بیہوش رہنے کے بعد آخروہ بھی جل بسا۔ اہلیہ اور صاحبزادی بھی شدید مجروح ہوگئی تھیں۔مولانا اسعد میاں کے خسرتھے۔اور جو بچہ زخموں کی تاب نہ لاکر دنیاسے رخصت ہوگیاوہ مولاناکاجگر گوشہ تھا اورمولانا مرحوم کی اہلیہ اورصاحبزادی علی الترتیب موصوف کی خوشدامن اوراہلیہ ہیں،اس بناپر مولانا اسعد کے لیے یہ حادثہ کس درجہ صبرآزما نااور جانگسل ہوگالیکن اس موقع پرانھوں نے جس غیر معمولی صبر واستقامت کامظاہرہ کیاہے۔دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں اس کا اجر عظیم عطا فرمائے۔
مولاناحمیدالدین صاحب کاوطن فیض آبادکے ضلع میں تھا۔ابتدائی تعلیم وہیں کہیں پانے کے بعد دیوبند آگئے تھے، علوم وفنون کی تکمیل یہیں کی تھی۔آخر میں دورۂ حدیث جامعہ اسلامیہ ڈابھیل ضلع سورت میں پڑھا۔ دارالعلوم دیوبند میں یہ مجھ سے جونیر تھے لیکن اپنی نیکی ،ذہانت،اوراستعداد علمی کے باعث مدرسہ کے ممتاز طلبا میں شمار ہوتے تھے ۔ان کوعربی زبان و ادب،منطق وفلسفہ اورفقہ و حدیث سب کے ساتھ یکساں مناسبت تھی لیکن فراغت کے بعد فقہ وحدیث کے ہی ہوکررہ گئے۔چنانچہ انہیں مضامین کادرس دیتے تھے۔اس سلسلہ میں کئی برس ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں شیخ الحدیث کے عہدہ پرفائز رہے۔پھر ۴۹ء میں میں مدرسۂ عالیہ کلکتہ کاپرنسپل مقرر ہواتو میں نے ان کو لکچرر فقہ وحدیث کی جگہ پر بلالیا۔چند سال یہاں کام کرنے کے بعد استعفادے کر دارالعلوم دیوبند پہنچ گئے۔لیکن ابھی ان کااستعفا منظور نہیں ہوا تھا کہ...

Adultery, the Ground for Dissolution of Christian Marriage in Pakistan: Intersectional Constraint to Christian Women in Pakistan

Divorce from a distressful and unhappy marital alliance implies emancipation from perpetual pain, abuse, agony and violence but the social stigma attached to a divorced woman casts its shadow for life in the patriarchal and paternalistic socio-cultural settings in Pakistan. Seeking a judicial redress for dissolution of marriage is a legal right that needs to be available equally to both men and women. However, Christian married couples who apply for a divorce, are left with no options except to invoke the charge of adultery under Christian Divorce Act 1869. Proving adultery as a ground for dissolution of marriage stands as an impediment entailing character assassination of the accused and narrows the application of divorce on other grounds, such as domestic violence, abandonment by husbands and cruelty. The clergy representing Christian community fully supports the ground of adultery for dissolution of Christian marriage and vehemently opposes any position that calls for inclusion of nofault divorce. _________

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Organophosphate Pesticide Profenofos and Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacterial Strains

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are the synthetic chemicals that have broad applications in agriculture for controlling different kinds of pests such as insects and weeds etc. They poison the insects and mammals by paralyzing their central nervous system which is linked to many acute and long term health disorders. Two of the most widely used and broad-spectrum OP pesticides are the chlorpyrifos (CP) and profenofos (PFF) which are used for protecting various crops against serious insect pests. However, continuous and indiscriminate use of these pesticides is of great concern due to their serious impacts and hazards on the environment and humans. Remediation of these toxic pesticides and related contaminants using microorganisms having the right metabolic pathways seems to be the most effective technology. Objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize bacterial strains capable of complete degradation of CP, PFF and their toxic metabolites, optimize culture conditions that govern degradation of these compounds by the isolated bacteria and investigate the pathways of degradation. A chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strain, Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 was isolated and characterized. Time course shake flask experiments and kinetic analysis revealed high efficiency of Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 for CP degradation up to 300 mg/L at range of at a broad range of culture conditions. Importantly, HN3 also degraded 3,5,6 trichloro-2- pyridinol (TCP), a more toxic and persistent metabolite of CP. Further, enhanced CP degradation in soil was achieved by the combined use of Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Moreover, a yfp-tagged variant of Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 (HN3yfp) was used to study the colonization of this strain in the rhizosphere and endosphere of ryegrass. The strain HN3yfp proficiently colonized the rhizosphere & roots of ryegrass, removed CP and TCP residues uptaken by the plant thus enhanced plant growth. For PFF degradation, a bacterial consortium PBAC, consisting of Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp. and Citrobacter koseri, was isolated. PBAC was capable of degrading PFF and its toxic hydrolysis product 4-bromo- 2-chlorophenol (BCP). The efficacy of PFF degradation was modeled by central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The simultaneous effects of three test interacting factors on the PFF degradation (%) were xvi monitored and conditions were optimized for maximum degradation of PFF. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of CP and PFF provided plenty of information regarding their metabolites and hence biodegradation pathways of the two pesticides were predicted successfully. The detection of dehalogenation and ring cleavage metabolites of the pesticides indicated the complete degradation of the toxic pesticides. The overall study indicates that CP degrading Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 and PFF degrading bacterial consortium PBAC are the promising candidates for the remediation of OP contaminated sites. Further, the study provides insight into the fate and biodegradation pathways of the two pesticides. Validity of the study is that fate of TCP or BCP have seldom been addressed. Rather, previous reports emphasis on the parent compound degradation. But the degradation of the metabolites is more important due to the fact that OP pesticides degrade to their metabolites soon after they reach soil. Metabolites are usually more toxic and persistent than the parent compounds. Moreover, to best of our knowledge this is the first study involving the elaborately designed optimization experiments for profenofos degradation by a diverse bacterial consortium. Also, degradation of BCP by the microbial communities has not already been reported.
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