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یہ آسماں جو حیرتی ہے اک ترے جمال کا

یہ آسماں جو حیرتی ہے اک ترے جمال کا
یہ حسن کیا ہے آئنہ ہے خوبی و کمال کا

یہ رنگ و نور لے رہے ہیں رہ گزار سے تری
گلاب ہو کہ چاند ہو کہ شمس ہو زوال کا

میں جنتوں کا تھا مکیں تری نگاہِ ناز سے
تاحشر مجھ سے امتحاں لیا ہے خدو خال کا

نظر سے وہ پلا کے مجھ سے کہتے ہیں کہ جائو اب
کہاں یہ حوصلہ سہوں میں لمس اُس جلال کا

میں اٹھ کے لڑکھڑا گیا تھا جب فضاؔ نے یہ کہا
یہ صورِ اسرافیل ہے، نہیں یہ پل وصال کا

روایاتِ اسباب النزول کے تفسیری ادب پر اثرات کا جائزہ

Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. Cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur’ān. Nevertheless, most of the verses and suras of Qur’ān are revealed independent of events, these verses are revealed to fulfill the general aim of Waḥī which is the guidance of people. Such knowledge is an invaluable tool for grasping the meaning of this type of Qur’ānic verse. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbāb alNuzūl and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Book of Occasions of Revelation) of ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Wāḥidī (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of al-Wāḥidī’s book. In this paper descriptive method and comparative study are used to analysis traditions of revelation and their effects on Tafsīr literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Qur’ānic Interptation and their effects on Tafsīr Literature, so that verification and authencity of traditions of causes of revelation are mandatory for Tafsīr.

Genetics of Drought Tolerance and Yield Components in Brassica Napus L.

The experiment was conducted in research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Sixty genotypes of Brassica napus L. were screened under Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) mediated drought stress at seedling stage. Data were recorded on mean values for shoot length (mm), root length (mm), fresh root and shoot weight (g) and dry root and shoot weight (g). Eight genotypes i.e. Faisal sarson, Dunkled, RBN, Punjab sarson, Rainbow, Chakwal sarson, Shiralee and Legand were selected as female and four as open pollinated males i.e. DGL, Cyclone, Zm- 21 and 8- LBN. These selected genotypes were crossed in line × tester fashion and 32 crosses and their parents were evaluated under four treatments including control (T0) were applied viz no irrigation at flowering stage (T1), no irrigation at seed set stage (T2) and no irrigation at whole plant growth stage (T3). Data were recorded for morphological and physiological traits for each treatment on yield and yield components viz. plant height, days taken to flowering, days taken to maturity, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, silique length, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000-seed weigh, seed yield per plant, oil contents and water contents. The recorded data was subjected to various analysis to determine genetic variability, general and specific combining ability effects, heritability and interrelationship among the traits. All genotypes showed significant results in all treatments. The study revealed that parents Dunkled, Legand, Chakwal sarson, Zm-21 and DGL were good general combiners for seed yield and related traits therefore these parental lines can be utilized for developing further hybrids. Based on SCA effects the cross Chakwal sarson × Zm-21, Rainbow × DGL and Shiralee × DGL were best for yield in all treatments respectively. It is suggested to test these hybrids on large scale to know their potential and stability. Based on heterotic studies, Punjab sarson × DGL and Dunkled × Zm-21 were the best performer over MPH and BPH while Punjab sarson × DGL, Punjab sarson × Cyclone, Chakwal sarson × Cyclone, Punjab sarson × Zm-21, Chakwal sarson × 8-LBN and Legand × 8- LBN performed best over mid parent at all treatments. Gene action varied with the breeding material. High heritability was observed for most of the traits in all treatments indicating presence of additive gene action. Correlation was positive for most yield related traits but primary branches, secondary branches and 1000-seed weight was common in all treatments.
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