Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

۵۲۔ محرومیوں کی گٹھڑی

محرومیوں کی گٹھڑی

بیس برس کا تنہا سفر

بیس برس کی محرومیاں

 جو بچپن کے برہنہ پیڑ تلے

 میرے ساتھ رینگتی رہیں

دوست بن کر کھیلتی رہیں

شام ہوتے لوٹ جاتی تھیں

پیڑ اپنے دامن میںپرندے لپیٹ کے سو جاتا

میں اداسی کی چادر اوڑھے

دن بھر کی تنہائی کندھے پہ اٹھائے

خواہشوں کے جگنو پکڑتے گھر لوٹتا

Istisnā’- a Realistic Approach to the Concept in Islamic Finance and its Application to the Agricultural Sector in Pakistan

Farmers predominantly belong to lower class of the society, particularly in developing and under developing countries. This actuality really put them on back-foot in every sphere of life, including their various agricultural activities.  For instance, they always face problems to fulfil their agricultural requirement, both for crop and non crop activities, and hence, not in position to get utmost benefits from their efforts. Being citizens of a developing country, Pakistani farmers come across the identical situation. As they are Muslims, therefore, avoid securing interest based loan from the financial institutions. Islamic financial system provides an alternate to such interest based arrangement in the shape of various financing techniques. Among these, Istisnā’ (manufacturing) is the most important one which can be used effectively for the fulfilment of various agricultural requirements. However, its role is more dominant in the satisfaction of non crop agricultural activities that is for example, manufacturing of some heavy agricultural machinery and equipments, installation of tube-wells and channels for appropriate irrigation system, construction of small houses for farmers in their lands etc. The present work discusses the theoretical background of this mode, available in the scholarly work of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists’ work, followed by the description that how it can be used for financing various sectors of agriculture. Study reveals the transaction is equally viable for the development of all sectors of agriculture like local farming, fish farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture etc. The intended results can be achieved when the financial institutions apply the transaction in its true spirit and philosophies envisaged for it by Islamic commercial law, and not mere a source of earning profit.

Investigating Protein Semantic Similarity Measurement and its Correlation With Sequence Similarity

Protein sequence similarity is commonly used to compare proteins, and to search for proteins similar to a query protein. With the growing use of biomedical ontologies, especially Gene Ontology (GO), semantic similarity between ontology terms, proteins and genes is getting attention of researchers. Protein semantic similarity measurement has many applications in bioinformatics, including protein function prediction and protein-protein interactions. Semantic similarity measures were proposed by Resnik, Jiang and Conrath, and Lin. Recent measures include Wang and AIC. The question whether the semantic similarity has a strong correlation with sequence similarity, has been addressed by some authors. It has been reported that such correlation exists, and it has been used for the evaluation of semantic similarity computation methods as well as for protein function prediction. We investigate the correlation between semantic similarity and sequence similarity using graphs, Pearson''s correlation coe cient and example proteins. Wend that there is no strong correlation between the two similarity measures. Pearson''s correlation coef- cient is not su cient to explain the nature of this relationship, if not accompanied by graph analysis. Wend that there are several pairs with low sequence similarity and high semantic similarity, but very few pairs with high sequence similarity and low semantic similarity. Interestingly, the correlation coe cient depends only on the number of common GO terms in proteins under comparison. We propose a novel method SemSim for semantic similarity measurement. It addresses the limitations of existing methods, and computes similarity in two steps. In therst step, SimGIC like approach is used where contribution of common ancestors is divided by contribution of all ancestors. In the second step, we use two new factors: Speci city computed from ontology based information content, and Uniqueness computed from annotation based information content. Thenal result, after applying these two factors, makes clear distinction between the generalized and specialized terms. We conducted experiments on protein pairs having evidence of high similarity, and the ones having evidence of low similarity. Experiments show that SemSim performs better than the previous measures in both cases. When semantic similarity is used for searching proteins from large databases, the speed issue becomes signi cant. To search for proteins similar to a query protein having m annotations, from the database of p proteins, p m n g comparisons would be required. Here n is the average annotations per protein, g is the complexity of GO term similarity computation algorithm, and it is assumed that each term of one protein is compared with each term of the other. We propose a method SimExact that is suitable for high speed searching of semantically similar proteins. Although SimExact works on common terms only, our experiments show that it gives correct results required for protein semantic searching. SimExact can be used as a pre processor, generating candidate list for the existing methods, which proceed for further computation. Such arrangement will gain high speed while retaining the accuracy of the given method. We provide online tool that generates a ranked list of the proteins similar to a query protein, with a response time of less than 8 seconds in our setup. We use SimExact to search for protein pairs having high disparity between semantic similarity and sequence similarity. SimExact makes such searches possible, which would be NP-hard otherwise.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.