Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

استفہام ۔مخاطب کی توجہ و آمادگی کا حصول

استفہام ۔مخاطب کی توجہ و آمادگی کا حصول
قرآن نےمخاطب میں آمادگی پیدا کرنے کے لیے بعض اوقات اپنی گفتگو کا آغاز سوال سے کیا ہےاور پھر جواب کی صورت میں مدعا بیان کیاہے ۔ اس طرح سامعین کو متوجہ کرنے کے لیے بہترین موقع پیدا کیا ہے ۔ سورۃ المعارج میں آخرت اور احوال آخرت کاتفصیل کے ساتھ تذکرہ کیا گیا ہے ۔ اتنے اہم مضامین کے لیے آمادگی اورتوجہ کی اشد ضرورت تھی جس کی بنا پر قرآن نے سوال سے آغاز کیا ہے اورانداز یہ اختیار کیا ہے کہ لوگ سوال سے زیادہ جواب کی طرف متوجہ ہوں۔ " سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ" “ [ ] (ایک مانگنے والے نے وہ عذاب مانگا ہے )اس کا جواب طویل دیا گیا جس کے سننے کے لیے مخاطبین میں دلچسپی پیدا ہونا فطری امر ہے ۔ قرآن حکیم نے سوال کر کے مخاطب کو جواب سننے کے لیے آمادہ کیا۔ یوں گویا قرآن نے اپنی دعوت اور تعلیم کے لیے ایک نفسیاتی تکنیک استعمال کی ۔[ ]

Cartoons as A Tool of Religious Instruction for School-Going Children: A Case Study of Sheikhupura City

This research elaborates on utilization of cartoons as a tool of religious instruction for children. Cartoons can be used as an instrument for children’s mental development because a child’s mind is like a plain slate, what you write leaves a long-lasting impact. Cartoons have become a favorite activity of children and they spend most of their leisure time on watching cartoons. Children’s interest in cartoons also impacts their mind according to the content and concept of cartoons. For this aim, cartoons with religious instructions were shown to children and interview of some children’s parents and teachers were done in Sheikhupura. The data collected from the observations and interviews done qualitatively for this research shows that cartoons are a very effective source of religious instruction for children. Children not only understand these instructions easily but also try to follow them.

Optimization of Route Planning for Dynamic Environments Using Swarm Intelligence

Environments for algorithms can be categorized as static or dynamic. A static environment remains stationary throughout the execution of the algorithm, while in a dynamic environment the environment changes during the execution of the algorithm. The algorithms for planning in static and dynamic environments can be divided into offline and online algorithms. This research implements an online algorithm for an unknown environment and combined exploration and planning in a hybrid architecture. A simulated system of agents based on swarm intelligence is presented for route optimization and exploration. Two versions of the system are implemented and compared for performance- i.e., a simulated ant agent system and a simulated niche based particle swarm optimization. A simulated ant agent system is presented to address the issues involved during route planning in dynamic and unknown environments cluttered with obstacles and objects. A simulated ant agent system (SAAS) is proposed using a modified ant colony optimization algorithm for dealing with online route planning. The SAAS generates and optimizes routes in complex and large environments with constraints. The traditional route optimization techniques focus on good solutions only and do not exploit the solution space completely. The SAAS is shown to be an efficient technique for providing safe, short, and feasible routes under dynamic constraints, and its efficiency has been tested in a mine field simulation with different environment configurations. It is capable of tracking a stationary as well as a non-stationary goal and performs equally well as compared to moving target search algorithm. Route planning for dynamic environment is further extended by using another optimization technique for generation of multiple routes. Simulated niche based particle swarm has been used for dynamic online route planning, optimization of the routes, and it has proved to be an effective technique. It efficiently deals with route planning in dynamic and unknown environments cluttered with obstacles and objects. A simulated niche based particle swarm optimization (SN-PSO) is proposed using a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for dealing with online route planning. The SN-PSO generates and optimizes multiple routes in complex and large environments with constraints. The SN-PSO is shown to be an efficient technique for providing safe, short,and feasible routes under dynamic constraints. The efficiency of the SN-PSO is tested in a mine field simulation with different environment configuration, and it successfully generates multiple feasible routes. Finally, the swarm based techniques are further compared with an evolutionary algorithm (genetic algorithm) for performance and scalability. Statistical results showed that evolutionary techniques perform well in less cluttered environments and their performance degrades with the increase in environment complexity. For small size maps, the evolutionary technique performs well but its efficiency decreases with an increase in map size.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.