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پروفیسر حبیب الحق ندوی

پروفیسر حبیب الحق ندوی
فروری کا معارف چھپ چکا تھا کہ پروفیسر حبیب الحق ندوی کے انتقال کی اندوہ ناک خبر ملی۔ وہ باڑھ (پٹنہ) کے سادات کے ایک معزز خاندان سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر میں میری طالب علمی کے زمانے میں ان کے دوچھوٹے بھائی بھی تعلیم حاصل کررہے تھے جن سے ملنے کبھی کبھی حبیب الحق صاحب بھی آجاتے تھے، وہ خود بھی یہاں زیر تعلیم رہ چکے تھے، پھر پاکستان چلے گئے اور عرصہ سے جنوبی افریقہ کی ڈربن یونیورسٹی سے وابستہ تھے، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ سے بیعت تھے، ان سے ملنے لکھنؤ آتے رہتے تھے، اسی سلسلے میں ایک دفعہ بے سان و گمان دارالمصنفین بھی پہنچے، لکھنؤ سے اعظم گڑھ کا یہ سفر بڑا مشقت طلب رہا مگر دارالمصنفین کو دیکھتے ہی ان کی ساری کلفت دور ہوگئی، سرائمیر جانے کی خواہش کی جہاں کی سادگی اور اپنے زمانہ کے استاذوں کے ایثار و قناعت کے بڑے مداح تھے۔ ایک اور دفعہ ندوۃ العلماء میں روس کی آزاد مسلم ریاستوں کے بارے میں میں نے ان کا پُراز معلومات خطبہ سُنا تو انہیں اعظم گڑھ آنے کی دعوت دی یہاں بھی ان کی تقریر بہت پسند کی گئی جس سے ان کے علم و مطالعہ کی وسعت، حالاتِ حاضرہ سے باخبری اور ملی درد کا اندازہ ہوتا ہے۔ دارالمصنفین سے ان کو قلبی لگاؤ تھا، معارف پابندی سے پڑھتے، اس میں ان کے مضامین اور خطوط بھی شایع ہوتے تھے، اپنا سہ ماہی انگریزی رسالہ اور تمام کتابیں یہاں بھیجتے، ادھر عرصہ سے ان کا حال معلوم نہیں ہوا تھا، دفعتہ ان کے ارتحال کی خبر آگئی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ غریق رحمت کرے اور متعلقین کو صبر و شکیب بخشے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مارچ ۱۹۹۸ء)

Use of Intra Uterine Devices in Family Planning

Contraception is generally divided into two types, namely the Long Term Contraception Method (MKJP) and the Non Long Term Contraception Method (Non MKJP). Side effects of using injection contraceptives; There is a change in menstrual pattern, such as irregularity, bleeding, spotting, or bleeding for up to 10 days. Intra Uterine Devices (IUD) are long-term contraceptives that are inserted into the uterus. The advantages of this contraception include high effectiveness of about 0.6 to 0.8 pregnancies per 100 women, failure in 125 to 170 pregnancies. There are several disadvantages to its use, such as bleeding (spotting) between menstruation, excessive menstrual pain, longer menstrual periods, and heavy bleeding at the time of menstruation.

Exploring Experiences of Key Stakeholders of the New Bed Hons Elementary Programme in a Public Sector University and a Government Elementary College of Education in Karachi, Pakistan

This study explored the key stakeholders' experiences of the BEd (Hons) elementary programme in two teacher education institutions (TEIs)-a teacher education department at a public sector university and a government elementary college of education, in Karachi, Pakistan. Within qualitative research tradition, phenomenological design was employed to explore key stakeholders' perceptions and experiences about selected aspects (i.e. curriculum, teaching, assessment and practicum). Twenty-two participants including two heads of departments, four teacher educators, four cooperating teachers, four graduate students and eight graduating students, were selected purposefully, thereby, ensuring maximum variation sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. The findings revealed that the programme is appreciated mainly in relation to its new features (e.g. revised curriculum and practicum). Factors pertaining to stakeholders' involvement and programmatic changes facilitated programme delivery. Whereas, factors in relation to resources, conduction of practicum, teachers' capacity, alignment of the programme with the overall education system, coordination among the related stakeholders, specialisation courses, background of the prospective teachers, and accountability, hindered stakeholders' efforts towards programme delivery. However, initiatives at personal, group and TEIs levels (e.g. utilizing personal resources and revising practicum), were reported to be taken to overcome the challenges. The study also found that the stakeholders at the university are more privileged in that they enjoy more autonomy in decision-making with regards to programme delivery as compared to their college counterparts, which makes the university more enabling for the programme as compared to the college. Overall, stakeholders see less hope and opportunities than fears and uncertainties, pertaining to the future of the BEd (Hons) programme. The findings of the study suggest that the programme could be delivered more effectively if the required material resources were provided to the TEIs, capacity building of the teacher educators and the cooperating teachers were ensured and coordination and alignment were ensured amongst various stakeholders at the level of policies and practices. Moreover, the regulatory bodies (e.g. The National Accreditation Council for Teacher Education (NACTE)) have to play an active role to constantly review and monitor the programme for ensuring its relevance and effectiveness. For future studies, it is suggested that a country wide analysis of the current scenario of teacher education and TEIs be carried out for improving the missing links in the system.
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