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ماہرؔ القادری

 ماہرؔ القادری
جناب ماہر القادری کی وفات کی خبر سے بہت ہی دل گیر اور دل فگار ہوکر جب یہ تحریر لکھنے بیٹھا ہوں تو کراچی کی ساری علمی و ادبی مجلسیں یاد آرہی ہیں۔
کراچی بارہا جانے کا اتفاق ہوا، وہاں کی ممتاز شخصیتوں کی یادوں کی قندلیں روشن کرتا رہتا ہوں، ان میں بہت سے اﷲ کو پیارے بھی ہوگئے، اختر جونا گڑھی مرحوم یاد آتے ہیں، ان کی کتاب ’’طبقات الامم‘‘ دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوئی تھی، معارف میں مولانا شبلیؒ پر اچھے مضامین لکھے، وہ بزرگ محترم مولانا سید ابوظفر ندوی مرحوم کے ساتھ جونا گڑھ سے شہاب رسالہ بھی نکالا کرتے تھے، دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدردان رہے، وہ جس محبت سے کراچی میں ملے اس کی یاد برابر باقی رہے گی، ان ہی کے یہاں کھانے پر حفیظ ہوشیار پوری مرحوم سے ملا تھا، ان کے پرکیف نغمہ شعری سے بھی محظوظ ہوا تھا، ان کی محبت بھری باتوں میں بڑی کیفیت تھی، ممتاز حسن مرحوم (ریٹائرڈ سکریٹری محکمہ فنانس حکومت پاکستان) یاد آتے ہیں تو ان کی علم نوازی، کرم گستری اور دوست پروری کے معطر اور نکہت بیز پھولوں کے بار سے دبتا چلا جاتا ہوں، ایک رات جناب جمیل عالی کے دستر خوان پر میں جناب ممتاز حسن مرحوم، ابن انشاء مرحوم اور یادش بخیر پیر حسام الدین راشدی کے ساتھ شریک ہوا، رات کو ایک بجے تک علمی و ادبی باتیں ہوتی ہیں، وہ رات بھی کیسی حسین اور بہار آفریں تھی، ممتاز حسن مرحوم ایک تناور سایہ دار علمی برگد تھے، اسی کے چھاؤں کے نیچے کراچی کے ارباب علم جمع ہوتے اور ان کے سایہ عاطفت میں اپنے علمی و ادبی ذوق کو پھلتے پھولتے محسوس کرتے، جناب ابن انشاء مجلسوں میں ملتے اور خاموش بنے رہتے، مگر اخبار کے کالم میں شب برات کی پھلجڑی اور...

Why I left and why I want to leave: A Phenomenological Perspective of Asian Employees Turnover

The current research was conducted to explore the possible causes of actual employee turnover and turnover intentions. Using Post positivism research philosophy, phenomenological qualitative research method was used to explore the phenomena. Semi-structured interviews of 21 bank employees (selected using purposive sampling) were conducted which were analyzed using NVivo 12. The research findings suggest many uniques themes in order to overcome the problem of employee turnover, especially for banks. The themes which were developed consisted of five significant themes such as the bank appraisals and reward system was identified as biased and based more on favoritism, employee feel that their actual performance is not evaluated properly and sincerely. The other factor concluded by the research findings is that the employees are dissatisfied with the salary and benefits, as they felt that there should a consistent effort to identify employee personal needs which should be customized accordingly in their compensation plans as well. The very essential factor recognized in the research finding was the upward and downward communication gaps with the employees. Such perceptions generated related issues as the employees felt that branches are much deprived to have a direct communication channel with the top team heads. The other very essential factor discovered after the investigation of the phenomena of turnover is lack of career growth. Lastly, another important cause of employee turnover was the transfers, which took place without the consent of the employee. Employees felt demotivated due to such transfers and changes in their work locations. Recommendations and future research directions have been at the end of the research

The Synthesis of Chiral Compounds of Biological and Synthetic Interest Using Anhydride of L-Tartaric Acid

Chiral protected and deprotected amides were synthesized by using commercially available L-tartaric acid having two asymmetric centers and C2 axis of symmetry. In the synthetic sequence, diacid functionality of L-tartaric acid was protected as dimethyl ester and diol as 1,3-dioxolane. The partial hydrolysis of 1,3-dioxolane dimethyl ester gave the corresponding monoester. Monoester upon treatment with different substituted anilines gave desired amides (2a-2t). Amides (2a-2t) afforded compounds (3a-3t) with the aid of acetyl chloride in methanol. All the compounds were characterized by using sophisticated spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 2g, 2r and 3i were also unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Protected (2a-2l) and deprotected amides (3a-3l) were tested for their antimicrobial activities at different concentrations against different fungal and bacterial strains and were found effective. Monoaryl esters of L-tartaric acid (4a-4h) were prepared and processed further in Fries rearrangement. The structure of compound 4e in the series was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. N-Linked glycopyranosides (10a-10e) and O-Linked glycopyranosides (11a-11e) were synthesized from monoester of L-tartaric acid. The synthesized compounds were confirmed with the aid of spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 11c in the series was supported by X-ray analysis. Antileishmanial activity of the glycopyranosyl amides (10a-10e) and glycopyranosides (11a-11e) was assayed which showed moderate to good activities. Synthesis of glycoconjugates (13a-13e) was carried out by using glycopyranosyl α-trichloroacetimidates and dimethyl-L-tartrate. Chiral imides and amides were prepared from diacetyl-L-tartaric acid anhydride and aliphatic, substituted aromatic amines and amino acids. The imides (14g-14m) were subjected for their antifungal and antibacterial activities against different fungal and bacterial strains. All the compounds showed good antifungal and moderate to good antibacterial activities.
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