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سردار نرنجن سنگھ لانبہ

لانبہ ، سردار نرنجن سنگھ
انتقال پر ملال
حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی ؒ کے انتہائی عقیدت مند سردار نرنجن سنگھ لانبہ ۴ جنوری ۱۹۹۳ء کی علی الصبح کو اچانک انتقال فرماگئے۔ وہ ۸۴ سال کے تھے۔ اور بڑے ہی مخلص اور غریبوں کے ہمدرد و بہی خواہ تھے۔ بہت بڑے کاروباری ہوتے ہوئے بھی بے سہاروں، بیواؤں، یتیموں کی فلاح و بہبودگی کے کاموں میں بڑھ چڑھ کر حصہ لیتے تھے، انسانیت کی خدمت میں ہمیشہ جٹے رہتے تھے۔
مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے جاں نثار و فدا ئی تھے، ان سے تعلق ِخصوصی قیام پاکستان سے قبل راولپنڈی ہی سے تھا، برابر خط و کتابت رہتی تھی۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد مفتی صاحب کی عقیدت و محبت ہی انہیں دہلی کھینچ لائی تھی۔ تعصبات و تنگ نظری سے بالکل پاک و صاف تھے، بلا لحاظ مذہب و ملّت ضرورت مندوں کی امداد کرتے رہتے تھے۔ حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے انتقال کی خبر ملتے ہی بلک بلک کر رونے لگے اور کہنے لگے کہ آج ہمارے مسلمانانِ ہند اور ملک کے اوپر سے سایہ ٔ شفقت اٹھ گیا ہے۔ مفتی صاحب کے جنازے میں باوجود سخت بیماری و تکلیف کے جامع مسجد سے مہندیان تک پیدل ہی چلتے رہے، لوگوں نے ان کے درد کی شدت کو محسوس کرتے ہوئے انھیں سواری میں بیٹھنے کے لیے کہا تو بولے کہ جس ہستی نے ملک و قوم کی خدمت میں اپنی پوری زندگی قربان کردی اس ہستی کے لیے ہم پیدل بھی نہیں چل سکتے کیا؟
حقیقت تو یہ ہے کہ لانبہ صاحب قدیم روایات و تہذیب کے امین تھے۔ ان کے انتقال سے ایک خلا سا محسوس ہورہا ہے ۔ حق تعالیٰ سے دعاہے کہ ان کے انتقال پر ملال پر ہم سب کو، ان کے متعلقین کو اور ان کے تمام...

Ecd Educators Outlook on Early Years Curriculum and Pedagogy Fostering Children’s Holistic Development

The main purpose of the study was to explore educators' views on children's the early years' curriculum and pedagogy implemented in Pakistan. This research study is grounded in qualitative design i.e. Case study. The case included examining educators, the early years' and school managers' critical reflections on children's learning and development during the early years' education. This research study is first of its kind in the context of Pakistan as the early years teachers' views about their teaching practices have rarely incorporated in recent studies. The main finding of this study was that curriculum and pedagogies used in early years' program has never been concentrated earlier as potential research themes. Though many research studies have been conducted on the implementation of ECE programs, but not any specific study concentrated on matching curriculum goals with its implementation to facilitate children's holistic development. It was learnt that national curriculum framework 2007 is not followed in most ECE classes. The main reason was found that many practitioners i.e. Educators and managers have not seen or read it. Consequently, national philosophy is compromised while nurturing children holistically It is therefore recommended for teachers and educators to study the national and now provincial curriculum framework because it has set a benchmark as what to achieve and suggested how to achieve the goals.

Distillation Behavior of Various Parent and Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil: Comparison of Yields, Chemical Composition and Fuel Quality of Distillate Fractions

Crude oil after preliminary treatments is subjected to refining so as to get marketable products like naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, lubricating oil feed stock, furnace oil, etc. A large amount of asphalt/bitumen is left over as residue. Owing to its high viscosity, density and contamination by sediments as well as high asphaltene and resin contents, the residue cannot be directly used as a boiler fuel and instead used for non-fuel purposes. The global demand for energy continues and will increase over the next few decades as the world''s energy consumption will increase phenomenally in the next few decades. Alternative energy sources like nuclear and renewable energy have attracted much attention in the recent years, however, the main role of these sources, will be to supplant, rather than to substitute the fossil fuels. Therefore, major breakthroughs in the oil industry''s core science and engineering are needed so as to meet with the World''s growing energy demand for petro-fuels. The high yields of residue/residuum is an ongoing challenge at a refinery and economic & strategic reasons demands the exploitation of residual streams. Accordingly, the selection of proper processes may play a key role so as to cope with the challenge. The objective of the present thesis was to employ atmospheric distillation process using three crude oils dispersed with chemical surfactants in order to get lighter fuel fractions in high yields in comparison with the plain crudes (control). The thesis summarizes the characterization of the crude oils with respect to their key physicochemical properties including density (kg/m3), viscosity (mPa·s), API gravity, total acid number (mg KOH/g), and asphaltene contents (wt %). Chemical dispersants i.e. sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); a anionic surfactant, hexa decyltrimethylammonium bromide as cationic surfactant, and Triton-X as neutral surfactant were used. The crude oils investigated included paraffinic (denoted as RCP-I), naphthenic (denoted as RCN-II) xii and aromatic (denoted as RCA-III) Pakistani crudes. Each crude oil was spiked with the varying dispersant –to-oil ratios (5:100, 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100 and 30:100) and then subjected to atmospheric distillation. The distillation of each surfactantdispersed crude oil was carried out in comparative experiments with the plain crude oil so as to investigate the effect of each dispersant on the yield, chemical composition and fuel properties of the derived distillate fractions (F1, F2 and F3). The Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric analysis (GC-MS) was carried out in order to ascertain compositional stability of the distillate fractions. The desired fuel properties of the light fractions were also determined as per ASTM standards and compared with the generic gasoline and diesel fuel samples. Looking at the results, we conclude that using chemically dispersed crudes enabled to obtain better yields of the light distillate fractions in comparison with the control without disturbing the key fuel properties. Among the three crudes used, the SDS-dispersed RCA-III, CTAB-dispersed RCN-II andTriton-X-100-dispersed RCN-II crudes were more effective which gave significant increase in the yields of light distillate fractions and reduced the residues without disturbing the fuel quality criteria.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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