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۲۳۔ گلِ امید
گلِ امید
الفاظ کے نشتر میری سماعتوں کو چیرتے ہوئے
میرے دل میں پیوست ہو رہے تھے
یوں لگ رہا تھا جیسے
میرے احساسات کسی راہِ پُر خار سے گزر رہے ہوں
میری تھر تھراتی ہوئی زبان کچھ بھی کہنے سے قاصر تھی
نجانے کتنے ہی جملے زباں کی نوک تک آتے آتے دم توڑ گئے
میں حواس باختہ یوں بیٹھا تھا
جیسے کوئی بہرا…صدائوں سے بہت دور
خیالات نے ہر چیز کو ’’لا‘‘ کے پیمانے پر رکھ دیا تھا
Women and Feminism: A Discourse Analysis of Contemporary Theories and Islamic Teachings
Modern social activists through media present Islam’s view about women as an oppressed figure linked to her sexuality through so-called liberalism; her oppression is particularly symbolized by obsessive concern with sex, women’s bodies, the veil, and female isolation. While on factual grounds such mind set and groups have oppressed women by judging their worth as persons based on physical attractiveness. Such modern trends and feministic approaches have turned the image of woman as tool of entertainment or attraction. Those who are convinced by such modern values regard woman‘s status in Islam as inferior on the basis of several issues including; guardianship in marriage, polygamy, divorce right. Unfortunately this horrible disease has crept into Muslim societies in the name of cultural interrelation which is in total disregard for our purity and distinguishing values. The magnitude of women rights in Islam with comparison to feminism has been covered in this brief paper. The first part of the paper gives image of women in western society and bases for initiatives taken for feminism movement in west. Second part of the paper gives a comparison between Islamic approach of women rights and feminism. Third part of the paper describes the view of women liberation and modernity in western society. In fourth part of the paper discussion about women oppression has been presented. In fifth part Islamic view of women rights has been given through Quranic verses and references which is followed by findings and conclusion of the whole discussionEstablishment of Stable Cell Lines Expressing Proteins of Hcv Genotype 3A Pakistani Isolate and Their Molecular Characterization
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) afflicting > 170 million people worldwide. HCV 3a is the most common genotype (about 70% of all genotypes) circulating in Pakistan. Expression of HCV individual gene of 3a would facilitate therapeutic and vaccines strategies against chronic HCV and liver Cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was the establishment of stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing structural and non structural proteins of HCV Genotype 3a Pakistani isolate obtained from chronic HCV patients. Blood samples were obtained from chronic HCV-3a positive patients. HCV individual genes were amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites and kozak sequence. These gene amplicons were cloned in TA and mammalian expression vector PcDNA3.1+. Restriction digestion analysis and sequencing results confirmed the successful cloning of HCV genes in PcDNA3.1 vector. Huh-7 cell lines were transfected with these constructed plasmids having structural or non-structural HCV genes in confluent cells with lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418 and then confirmed by genome PCR. Subsequently, transcription and expression of the integrated genes were demonstrated by RT-PCR, sequencing and Western blot analysis. We successfully cloned and expressed seven HCV-3a genes in PcDNA3.1 mammalian expression vector. Results of western blot and sequencing PCR confirmed the stable expression of these seven genes. Various cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β), leptin and Angiotensin were used as indicator of disease progression in huh-7 cells stably expressing HCV structural and nonstructural proteins in vitro. Collectively, these observations suggest a significant involvement of HCV huh-7/Core, huh-7/E2 and huh-7/NS5A in the up-regulation of gene expression proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and profibrotic TGF-β. No significant change in the expression of Angiotensin-II in vitro was observed. Up-regulation of leptin was observed in huh-7/E2 cell line only. The stable cell-lines expressing HCV-3a individual genes would be a useful tool to investigate the role of various HCV proteins on HCV disease outcome and testing of new therapeutic strategies against HCV.Journals by Discipline
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