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عبداﷲ کنون

اُستاد عبداﷲ کنون
معاصر مراکشی عالم ، مورخ اور ادیب
( شیخ نذیر حسین )
عصر حاضر کے ممتاز مراکشی مصلح، عالم، ادیب اور مورخ استاد عبداﷲ کنون نے ۹؍ جولائی ۱۹۸۹؁ء کو بیاسی برس کی عمر میں انتقال کیا۔ ان کی ساری زندگی تعلیم و تدریس، تصنیف و تالیف اور دعوت و تجدید میں گزری۔ وہ ۱۳۲۶؁ھ؍ ۱۹۰۸؁ء میں فاس میں پیدا ہوئے، انھوں نے دینی اور روحانی ماحول میں پرورش پائی۔جب مراکش پر فرانسیسی سیادت قائم ہوگئی تو ان کے والد عبدالصمد طنجہ (Tangier) کے بین الاقوامی شہر میں چلے آئے۔ اس کے بعد وہ ہجرت کرکے مدینہ منورہ جانا چاہتے تھے، لیکن پہلی جنگ عظیم کے باعث وہ اپنے خاندان سمیت طنجہ ہی میں ہمیشہ کے لیے مقیم ہوگئے۔
استاد عبداﷲ کنون نے ابتدائی تعلیم اپنے والد ماجد اور اعلیٰ تعلیم مراکش کے مشاہیر علماء سے پائی۔ بیس برس کی عمر میں وہ تعلیم و تدریس کے علاوہ اخباروں اور رسالوں میں مضامین لکھنے لگے۔ اس وقت سرکاری مدارس میں فرانسیسی زبان کا چلن تھا اور عربی زبان خارج ازنصاب تعلیم تھی، اس لیے استاد عبداﷲ کنون نے مسلمان بچوں اور بچیوں کی تعلیم کے لیے طنجہ اور تطوان میں آزاد مدارس کھولے، جہاں ذریعہ تعلیم عربی زبان تھی۔
۱۹۵۳؁ء میں فرانسیسیوں نے سلطان محمد خامس کو معزول کرکے ایک غیر مقبول شخصیت کو مراکش کے تخت پر بٹھادیا تو سارا ملک سراپا احتجاج بن گیا۔ سلطان کی بحالی کی تحریک میں استاد عبداﷲ کنون نے قائدانہ کردار ادا کیا۔ جب سلطان محمد خامس مراکش کے تاج و تخت پر دوبارہ متمکن ہوئے تو انھوں نے عبداﷲ کنون کو طنجہ کا حاکم اعلیٰ مقرر کیا۔ اس کے بعد جب طنجہ کے بین الاقوامی علاقے کا مراکش میں انضمام ہوا تو وہ سیاسی اور مالی معاملات طے کرنے کے لیے دول یورپ اور حکومت...

Education As a Catalyst of Personality Development: A Case Study of ‘Omar Bin Khattāb R. A

The individual’s personality, character, thinking, skills and habits depends upon education. Education helps in the growth and boost the qualities of an individual such as physical, mental and emotional make-up as well as temperament and character. This paper enlightens the significant role of education in developing and mounting the personality of ‘Omar Ibn alKhattāb (R.A). He was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs. His vibrant ideology of superiority of principles and laws made him eminent among his acquaintances. He was a man of determination and a mission, therefore, he thought, evaluated and acted according to it. He established a system of justice, morality, education and training. He was born as an ordinary‘Omar but education and guidance of Islam made him “‘Omar The Great”. This paper ends with the note that a balanced, successful and well-adjusted personality can be designed only by educating the individuals. Educational institutions, religious organizations and enrich culture play an important role in shaping the sturdy personality as is evident in case of ‘Omar(R.A).

Comparison of a New Opposed Phase Imaging Protocol to the Standard Conventional Mri Protocol in Demonstration of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease at 1. 5T.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare diagnostic yield of a new Opposed Phase Imaging protocol [OPI] to the standard conventional MRI protocol [CONV] in demonstration of lumbar degenerative disc disease at 1.5T. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients suspected of lumbar disc disease were examined using the two protocols.Images from both protocols were then analyzed independently by two radiologists. Categoryof disc disease[normal, bulge ,protrusion, extrusion] andanatomic clarity of spinalstructures related to disc disease[nerve roots, osteophytes, modic changes and hemangiomas ]were assessed using astandard4 pointscoring scale [1=inadequate,2 =adequate,3=normal ,4=optimal.] Comparison of the results from the two protocols was done using wilcoxons analysis, Mann Whitney test and the student paired t test. Results: Of the 510 discs (in 102 patients) examined by OPI and conventional protocols, 488[96%,CI 93.93-97.45] had concordant diagnosis for disc disease and associated pathologies. Only 1% of the discordant disc lesions showed radiologically significant findings. There was no statistically significant difference [P >0.05] among the two radiologists in the subjective scores given for the two protocols. OPI received similar scores to conventional protocol in optimally demonstrating osteophytes, modic changes and hemangiomas [p > 0.001].OPI however received significantly lesser scores [P< 0.001] for anatomic clarity of the discs and nerve roots. The average imaging time for OPI protocol was 7 minutes which was significantly shorter [p <0.001, CI 7.07-7.19] than that of conventional protocol of 16 minutes. Conclusion: OPI has comparable pick up rate for pathology in lumbar degenerative disc disease despite the fact that the new protocol gives less anatomic clarity compared to the conventional protocol for discs and nerve roots. The new protocol is adequate in demonstrating other spinal structures [modic changes, osteophytes and hemangiomas] related to degenerative disc disease. OPI takes a significantly shorter imaging time and can therefore be an alternative time saver in imaging lumbar disc disease.
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