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سید نجیب اشرف ندوی

سید نجیب اشرف ندوی
افسوس ہے کہ دارالمصنفین کی پرانی بزم کے ایک ممتاز رکن اور ندوہ کے نامور فرزند سید نجیب اشرف صاحب ندوی نے ۴؍ستمبر کو بمبئی میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم دارالمصنفین کے ابتدائی دور کے رفقاء میں تھے، سید صاحب رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کے ہم وطن اور قریبی عزیز تھے، ان کی ندوہ کی مدرسی کے زمانہ میں دارالعلوم میں داخل ہوئے، مگر ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد ہی انگریزی کی طرف چلے گئے، پھر خلافت اور نان کو اپریشن کی تحریک کے زمانہ میں تعلیم ترک کرکے ۱۹ یا ۲۰ء میں دارالمصنفین آگئے اور ان تحریکوں میں سرگرم حصہ لیا، ان کے خاتمہ کے بعد کلکتہ میں تعلیم کی تکمیل کی اور فارسی میں ایم۔اے کیا، وہ بڑے ذہین اور ہونہار تھے، ان کی اٹھان بہت اچھی تھی، چنانچہ کلکتہ کے قیام کے زمانہ میں سرجدو ناتھ سرکار کی زیر نگرانی اورنگزیب کے رقعات جمع اور مرتب کیے اور اس پر ایک مبسوط اور ضخیم مقدمہ لکھا، جو مقدمہ رقعات عالمگیر کے نام سے ایک مستقل جلد میں شائع ہوا، اس میں فن انشاء اور شاہانہ احکام و مراسلات کی تاریخ اور عالمگیر کی انشاء کی خصوصیات وغیرہ پر روشنی اور اس کی شہزادگی سے لے کر برادرانہ جنگ کے زمانہ تک کے واقعات و سوانح پر ان مکاتیب کی روشنی میں تنقیدی نگاہ ڈالی گئی ہے، اس لیے یہ مقدمہ اس دور کی اورنگزیب کی مستند ترین تاریخ ہے، اس کے بعد اصل کتاب رقعات کا پہلا حصہ رقعات عالمگیر جلد اول کے نام سے شائع ہوا جو اورنگزیب کی شاہزادگی کے زمانہ سے لے کر برادرانہ جنگ کے زمانہ تک کے خطوط پر مشتمل ہے باقی جلدوں کا مواد بھی اکٹھا کرلیا تھا، جس کی ترتیب کا موقع تعلیمی زندگی اختیار کرلینے کی وجہ سے نہ مل سکا، دارالمصنفین کے قیام...

Educational Stratification and Nation Building Process in Pakistan

Abstract Pakistan has celebrated seven decades of independence but misfortunately the nation is still divided into several ideologies, believes, ethnicities, regionalism, provincialism, political and social classes. Throughout the world, education plays a significant role in nation building but the terrible upshot in Pakistan is the division of nation in the field of education and learning. There are numerous umbrellas under which our educational system is running. Therefore, current study objects to measure educational stratification and its effect on nation building process in Pakistan. In this regard, this research mainly focuses on four major prevailing educational systems such as; privately managed schools, public schools, army public schools and madarsa (religious educational institution). Data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed by applying grounded approach theory. Four major themes emerged after data examination. These are uniformity of curricular, equal opportunities, political and bureaucratic involvement and lack of moral education. Study finds that education system is badly lacking in uniform ideology and moral learning. Furthermore, the poor system of education is negatively affecting nation building in Pakistan by enhancing public distrust, discrimination and regionalism. The results of the present study may be helpful in finding the way for uniform educational system which provide learning opportunities to every child without thinking of their caste, religion, language, economic class, political affiliation and ethnicity.

Spatio – Temporal Data Mining Framework for Natural Resource Exploration

Technology has allowed for a substantial increase in success rate of identifying the presence of energy sources such as oil and natural gas. Data mining, an emerging technology characterized by significantly advanced analytical tools, can contribute to this success rate as it has the potential to guide or at least assist opportunists in hydrocarbon prediction. To make a prediction about presence of hydrocarbon reserve beneath the surface of earth involves geological, geochemical, seismic and microbial prospecting. The test methods involved in the mentioned process need a great deal of cost and time. This project is aimed at developing decision support system to improve the process of hydrocarbon need evaluation and reserve detection by integrating the methods and tools from data mining and potential surface analysis to approach the problem from an interdisciplinary stance. In the thesis, the world countries are classified with respect to sustainable energy development with the underlying assumption that hydrocarbon is the major source of energy all over the world. The addressed question is whether the hydrocarbon reserves in the world comply with its consumption? As a result, two possibilities arose to ensure energy sustainability: (1). To provide an optimal framework for improvement in hydrocarbon exploration process. (2). To provide a framework for improvement in hydrocarbon consumption. The study is about the aforementioned. The presence of hydrocarbon reserves beneath earth‘s surface is predicted on the basis of either (a). Surface indicators or (b). Beneath surface parameters. The surface indicators which are considered in this project may consist of geological and microbial indicators. In state of the art geological and microbial methodologies, the cost and time involved is in affordable. The research attempts to replace geological predictions with intelligent remote sensing and microbial indications with microbe data mining. But the existing techniques of data mining cannot produce desired accuracy if applied to surface indicators database. Some data mining techniques for mining temporal spatial and non spatial data related to surface indicators of hydrocarbon reserves are proposed. The model includes the classification mechanism of world countries on the basis of sustainable hydrocarbon development and then extraction of useful patterns from surface indicators to predict hydrocarbon reserve in a time and cost effective manner. A series of empirical investigations have been made to evaluate the performance of proposed techniques using different and diverse databases that show the effectiveness of methodology.
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