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۲۱۔ چار پہیے اور گھر

چار پہیے اور گھر

یہ چار پہیوں پہ گھو منے والے

پورا گھر اٹھائے پھرتے ہیں

جو خود پہ فخر کرنے والوں کے ضمیروں کی طرح ساکت ہیں

 یہ گیراج میںمو جو د نہ ہوںتو اُنہیں گھر ،گھر نہیں لگتا

ان کے دل بھی خالی گیراج  ہیں

جن میں جذبات نہیں

ان کے اجڑے مکانوں کی چھتوں کے ساتھ

 نفرت کے جالیلٹکتے ہیں

جن میں یاس و حسرت کی مکڑیاںر قص کناں ہیں

پختون معاشرے کے مروجہ نجی فیصلوں میں تعزیر بالمال کی عملی صورتوں کا شرعی جائزہ

Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakht┴n’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.

Questioning As a Strategy for Developing Critical Thinking

Heavy reliance of teachers on questions that are aimed to recall the information memorized tends to suppress students' thinking and frame it within a textbook content. To break this practice there is a need to develop teachers' understanding of questions that will help students think beyond the content of textbook. This study was aimed to understand the practice of myself, as a teacher educator, in facilitating the development of teachers' knowledge, skills and dispositions to ask High Order Questions (HOQs) questions that can help students to not only comprehend information, but also to analyze, synthesize and evaluate it. It is believed that sustained practice of Higher Order Questioning (HOQ) could scaffold the development of students' critical thinking, which is necessary in preparation of informed, cognizant and critical citizens for open, free and democratic society. The findings of the study reveal that if sufficient time is invested in development of teachers' understanding of HOQ, the practice of HOQ will be more effective and sustainable. Since the approach used in conducting this study was action research and the time allocated for the study was not sufficient, it was not possible to see the practice of the developed understanding of HOQ in classes.
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