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مولانا محمد تقی امینی

مولانا محمد تقی امینی
’’آفتاب جوغروب ہوگیا‘‘
تیرہ وتار تھی پہلے ہی یہاں شام حیات
;دامن چرخ سے ایک اورستارہ ٹوٹا
Eکوئی بتلاؤ میری قوم کے معصوموں کو
9کون برباد ہواکس کاسہارا ٹوٹا
Jیہی کوئی دن کے ساڑھے بارہ بجے ہوں گے جب ہمارے ایک دوست نے اطلاع دی کہ مولانا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کاانتقال ہوگیا۔یہ خبر سنتے ہی اولاً توسکتہ کی سی کیفیت ہوگئی۔ کانوں کو جیسے یقین نہ آیا ہو۔ابھی تقریباً ایک گھنٹہ قبل انہوں نے مجھے یاد فرمایا تھا۔ میں حاضر ہواتو دیکھا کہ دھوپ سینک رہے ہیں۔ اورخاصے روبہ صحت معلوم ہورہے ہیں لیکن اب اچانک یہ خبر؟کیاواقعی مولٰینا کا انتقال ہوگیاہے۔کیاسچ مچ مولانا ہم سے جدا ہوگئے ہیں؟ کیایہ سچ ہے کہ مولٰینا نے رخت سفر باندھ لیا ہے اور کوچ کرگئے؟ کیاامت کایہ درشاہوار بے نور ہوگیا؟ کیایہ عظیم المرتبت شخصیت ہمیں داغ مفارقت دے گئی ؟ کیااُمّت کی تقدیر کے آسمان سے ایک اورستارہ شہاب ثاقب ہوگیا؟ ___ہم جلدی سے مولٰینا کے گھر کی طرف لپکے مگردروازے ہی پر جیسے کسی نے قدم پکڑ لیے ہوں۔نالہ وشیون کی آوازیں ایسا ثبوت تھیں کہ ہمیں اس خبر پریقین کرنے کے کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہیں تھا ۔ ؂
چل بسا داغؔ آہ میت اسکی زیب دوش ہے
آخری شاعر جہان آباد کا خاموش ہے
پروفیسر سابق ڈین فکلٹی آف تھیالوجی مولٰینا محمدتقی امینی صاحب کے اُٹھ جانے سے ایک پوری انجمن خالی ہوگئی ہے،وہ ایک شخصیت نہیں بلکہ ایک کارواں تھے۔ وہ ایک آدمی نہیں بلکہ ایک انجمن تھے۔ایک بزم اورایک محفل تھے۔اگران کوآج کے دور میں علماء کاسرخیل کارواں کہاجائے، میں سمجھتاہوں کہ بے جا نہ ہوگا۔ ان کی ذات اپنے آپ میں ایک ادارہ تھی۔وہ علم وحکمت کاچلتا پھرتا خزانہ تھے۔ اُن کے دم سے علی گڑھ میں علم دین کی قندیل روشن تھی،جب کبھی کوئی دینی، فقہی...

Is History a Threat? (Comment)

Erick Hobsbawm (d.2012) was a Marxist historian, a professor of history at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he taught till the end of his life. Birkbeck is an evening college where most of the students belong to the working class and continue with studies to improve their educational qualifications. Conscious of the condition of students who attended his lectures after a hard day of physical labour, he devised lectures on the history of Europe to create emancipatory thought. His four books use history as a tool to comprehend present-day Europe. They are titled The Age of Capital, The Age of Industrial Revolution, The Age of Revolution and The Age of Extreme. Besides these four books, he has published a number of papers and essays that attempt to build a new historical consciousness. There are other progressive historians besides Hobsbawm who believe that history can be liberating if it is not written in the service of the rulers of the time. It is also not a static and depressing account of the past but is dynamic and constantly changing. While history tells the story of unjust rulers and the institutions they created, it also reveals how the rulers and their unjust institutions meet their end. The reign of absolute kingship where the king was considered the Viceregal God, brutal military dictatorships, and exploitative economic systems that lasted for centuries with the aim of torturing and subduing the common working people were all destroyed over time, especially when people joined forces and resisted them to gradually establish a just order.

Interactive Effects of Pgpr and Pgr on the Drought Tolerance of Crop Plants Grown in Sandy Soil and Elucidation of Plant Metabolites

Worldwide demand for agricultural crop continues to escalate in response to increasing population and damage of prime cropland for cultivation, following soil erosion and urbanization. Research interest is diverted to utilize soils of low or marginal productivity for crop production. Moisture stress has negative effects on crop productivity. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth regulators (PGR) are vital for normal growth and development under moisture stress. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of PGPR and PGR (Salicylic acid and Putrescine) on the physiology of chickpea and wheat grown in sandy soil. Metabolic profiling of leaves of chickpea exposed to moisture stress and treated with consortium of PGR and PGPR were also carried out in order to correlate the role of plant metabolites under various treatments. Liquid chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analyses was carried out to classify metabolites associated with water stress tolerance in chickpea. To identify the important metabolites associated with drought condition three statistical models i.e. significant analysis of metabolites (SAM), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were used. The PGPR, isolated from the rhizosphere of chickpea and wheat were characterized on the basis of colony morphology and biochemical characters viz. Gram staining, P-solubilisation, antibacterial and antifungal activities and catalases and oxidases activities. The PGPR were also screened for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3) and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The PGPR P1, P2 and P3 were isolated from the rhizosphere of chickpea while, P4, P5 and P6 were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in sandy soil. The isolated PGPR strains named as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 were identified by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus megaterium, Planomicrobium chinense, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescence, respectively. The seeds of two chickpea varieties (Punjab Noor2009 and 93127) and wheat varieties (Galaxy-13 and Pak-13) differing in sensitivity to drought were soaked for 2-3 h prior to sowing in 24 h old cultures of isolates. The salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (Put) were sprayed (150 mg/L), on 20 days old seedlings of both chickpea and wheat. For metabolic profiling of chickpea, leaves from well-watered, waterdeficit and PGPR and PGR treated plants were collected at midday, 14 days (time point 1 at 15% soil moisture content) and 25 days (time point 2 at 6% soil moisture content) after the induction of water stress.
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