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مایوسی گناہ ہے

مایوسی گناہ ہے
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا اور پھر اس کے سر پر عظمت کا تاج سجایا۔ اس کو دیگر مخلوقات پر فوقیت دی، اس کی عظمت کا راز اس کی عقل سلیم میں رکھا کیونکہ دیگر مخلوقات میں شرف و بزرگی کا عنقاء عدم عقل و خرد ہے، اور پھر اُس کوصحیح اور غلط کی پہچان نصیب فرمائی۔ اور اُس کی رفعت کے حصول کے لیے کوشش کومحمودگردانا۔
ارشاد ِباری تعالیٰ ہے کہ ’’انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لیے وہ کوشش کرے۔‘‘
اگر ہاتھ پر ہاتھ دھرے بیٹھار ہے اور تگ و دو اور شبانہ روز کوشش سے دست کش ہو جائے مایوسی کے ظلمت کدہ کا مکیں بن جائے ، نا امیدی کے عفریت کے جبڑوں میں پھنس جائے تو پھر بلیّات و مصائب کے مہیّب سائے تو اُس کے آنگن میں آ سکتے ہیں ، خوش بختی اور خوش نصیبی کے آفتاب کی کرنوں سے اس کا گھر محروم رہے گا۔
مایوسی و یسے گناہ ہے۔ نا امیدی کے سائے کے نیچے پروان چڑھنے والا پودا کبھی شجر سایہ دار نہیں بن سکتا۔ نا امیدی کے گلستان میں کھلنے والے گلہائے رنگا رنگ خوشبو کی راحت افزاء مہک سے عاری ہوتے ہیں ، مایوسی کے خار ہائے نوک دار پر پاپیادہ شخص آبلہ پائی کا شکار ہوسکتا ہے ہریرو پرنیاں اور مخمل کا احساس اُس سے کوسوں دور ہوتا ہے۔
قرآنِ پاک میں ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے کہ ’’ لا تقنطو من رحمۃ اللہ‘‘اللہ تعالیٰ کی رحمت سے نا امید مت ہوں ۔ بحثیت مسلمان تو نا امیدی ویسے بھی گناہ اور حرام ہے۔ انسان جب امید سے اپنے دامن کو پر رکھتا ہے تو مسرتیں اور راحتیں اس کے دروازے پر دستک دیتی رہتی ہیں۔ اور امید ہی کی کرن اس کو حیات نوبخشتی ہے۔
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حوالہ کا فقہی تصور اور اس کی جدید صورتیں

This article is divided in to two sections: the first one; is to study of Ḥawāla according to Fiqhi rules, i.e. Its definition, conditions, its qualities and its specifications. In the second part, Ḥawāla is discussed according to application of the Bank, and its practical forms in different institutions. Ḥawāla is a contract in which a party or a person transfers his debt from his risk to another party or another person. Ḥawāla is used for different purposes, for example, bill of exchange, Financial Papers and different Banking accounts. This paper also discusses the difference between Ḥawāla and wakālah, Ḥawāla and Kafāla, and also Ḥawāla and Debt. Therefore, analysis, about Ḥawāla is very essential and many studies have been done on it. Furthermore, it will also critically provide their textual evidence and rational arguments in order to reach a financial juristic judgment. Ḥawāla is used in credit card, discounting of bill of exchange, etc. At the end the paper discusses its conclusion and offers some requests and suggestions.

Fabrication of Ceramic Oxide Thin Films for Photo- Electrochemical Applications

Some unique monometallic and homo-heterobimetallic complexes [Cu (dmae)2(H2O)]1,[Cu(dmae)(OAc)(H2O)]22,[Sn(dmae)(OAc)]23,[Cu4Y2(dmae)6(OAc )6(H2O)2] 4 and [Cu6Y2Cl0.7(dmae)6(OAc)7.3(OH)4(H2O)2].3H2O.0.3CH3C6H5 5 were successfully synthesized and analyzed for their stoichiometry and structure by physiochemical methods such as melting point, microanalysis, fourier transform infra red (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The thermo gravimetric analysis ascertains that all the precursors undergo facile thermal decomposition at relatively low temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 oC to yield metal oxide residues. All the designed precursors except 2 were applied for the deposition of ceramic oxide composite thin films on plane and fluorine doped tinoxide (FTO) coated glass substrates by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The precursor 1, 4 and 5 were found suitable for deposition of Cu2O and nanocomposites oxide Cu- YO2-0.5Cu2O and Y2CuO4–5CuO thin films respectively under inert ambient of argon gas. All the deposited thin films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) for their surface morphology, elemental composition and phase crystallinity. XXIII The precursor 3 was applied for deposition of fullerene-like structured mesoporous SnO2 nanoball thin films on FTO and plane glass substrates by using an in-house built electro-spun aerosol spray pyrolysis (ESASP) technique. The field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) images of the exterior and interior surfaces of the SnO2 nanoball thin films disclose the presence of fullerene-like structures having mesopores of the sizes ranging from 33.5 to 35.0 nm in exterior and 8.0 to 160 nm in interior surfaces respectively. All the fabricated films were found to be impurity and crack free, have good adhesion to the substrate and nanocrystalline in nature ensuring clear grain boundaries with average particle size ranges from 28 nm to 40 nm thus making them suitable for photo electrochemical (PEC) applications. The PEC measurements carried out by three-electrode electrochemical set-up with Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and a platinum mesh as a counter electrode show an increase of photocurrent observed under illumination of 150W halogen lamp as compared to dark at potentials of 0.6 V and 0.8 V respectively. The performance of the fabricated SnO2 nanoball thin films for application in super capacitors was evaluated by capacitance measurements and all the results provide exciting new opportunities towards mesoporous ceramic nanomaterials for application in energy sector
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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