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اچھے شہری کی ذمّہ داریاں

اچھے شہری کی ذمہ داری
کائنات کے حسن کو دوبالا کرنے کے لیے جہاں ہر کس و ناکس اپنافریضہ ادا کر رہا ہے وہاں اچھے شہری کی بھی یہ ذمہ داری ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے جو کائنات بنائی ہے اُس میں رہ کر اچھے شہری ہونے کا ثبوت دے اور اس کی وجہ سے پیدا ہونے والی تمام پریشانیوں کا سد ّباب کرے۔ ایک اچھا شہری نہ صرف اپنی ذات کے بارے میں حسن ظن رکھتا ہے بلکہ وہ اپنے کردار سے، اپنی گفتار سے، اپنے طور و اطوار سے کوئی ایسی بات کا مرتکب نہیں ہوتا جس سے اس کے وجود سے نفرت کی جائے۔
اچھا شہری صرف وہی نہیں جوصبح اُٹھے سیر کو جائے اور پھر نماز ادا کرے اور تلاوت کلامِ پاک کرے اسی طرح وہ اپنی صبح نو کا آغاز کرے اور اس طرح خاموشی سے دن گزار دے، اچھا شہری تعلیمی ادارے کا سربراہ ہوسکتا ہے، اچھا مدرس ہوسکتا ہے، اچھا دوکاندار ہو سکتا ہے، اچھا سیاستدان ہوسکتا ہے، اچھا قانون دان ہوسکتا ہے، اچھا منصف ہوسکتا ہے ۔
اچھے شہری کی ہی ذمہ داری ہے کہ گھر کے اندر ، معاشرے کے اندر، خویش و اقارب کے اندر اگر کوئی برائی دیکھتا ہے تو وہ اس کا قلع قمع کرنے میں کوئی دقیقہ فروگزاشت نہ کرے یہ اس کی ذمہ داری ہے اور دینی فریضہ بھی! حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ’’ مسلمان وہ ہے جس کی زبان اور ہاتھ سے دیگر مسلمان محفوظ رہیں ، ہرشخص جب تک اپنا تعمیرانہ کردار ادانہ کرے اپنی دھرتی کو بقعۂ نورنہیں بنا سکتا،اپنی اس زمین میں عقل و خرد، عدل و انصاف، اخوت و بھائی چارہ کی فضا پیدا نہیں کر سکتا۔
اچھے شہری کی ذمہ داریوں میں سے ایک ذمہ داری یہ بھی ہے کہ وہ...

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH STAGE III PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Aims Of Study: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional capabilities of patients with Stage III Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional status of PD patients declines due to impaired postural reflexes and characteristic loss of balance which became evident at Stage III thus activities of daily living (ADLs) are compromised as the severity of the disease increases. Methodology:  Descriptive case series was conducted on stage III PD patients (n=64). Patients with age ranges from 45 to 75 years were recruited and patients with other neurological issues were excluded. They were assessed using a Functional independence measure scale having reliability 0.95. Results: Out of 64 patients, 75% required minimal assistance and 9.4% required supervision while performing the ADLs. Whereas, 81% of patients need 2 hours of personal care assistance according to burden of care. Limitations & Future Implications: Only functional status of PD patient is determined no exercise regime or intervention were incorporated to assess their impact on the PD patient functional activities. Thus, future studies should be carried out to find the correlation between aerobic exercises and their impact on PD patient level of functional independence. Originality: Information added was all taken from databases and reduced to similarity index and was not submitted to any other journal. Conclusion: Stage III Parkinson’s disease patient required minimal level of assistance while performing tasks of daily living. However, majority of these patients required 2 hours of personal care assistance on average per day to compete with daily living.

Investigating the Activity of Zirconia As a Catalyst and As a Support for Noble Metals in Organic Oxidation Reactions

Alcohols and cyclic alkanes oxidation, in an environment friendly protocol, was carried out in a typical batch reactor. These reactions were carried out in solvent free conditions and/or in eco-friendly solvents using molecular oxygen as the only oxidant and ZrO2 and/or ZrO2 supported noble metals (Pt, Pd) as catalysts. The influence of different reaction parameters (speed of agitation, reaction time, and temperature), catalyst parameters (calcination temperature and loading), and oxygen partial pressure on the catalyst performance was studied. Different modern techniques such as (FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, surface and pores size analyzer and particle size analyzer) were used for the characterization of catalyst. ZrO2 calcined at 1223 K was found to be more active as a single catalyst than the one calcined at 723 K for alcohol oxidation to the corresponding carbonyl products under solvent free conditions and in ecofriendly solvent as well. Platinum supported on zirconia was highly active and selective for oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in n- heptane, and toluene to benzoic acid in both solvent free conditions and in aqueous medium. Similarly, zirconia supported Pt or Pd catalysts were tested for cyclohexane oxidation in solvent free conditions and for phenol oxidation in aqueous medium. Both catalysts have shown magnificent catalytic activity. Bismuth was added as a promoter to these catalysts. Bismuth promoted Pt/ZrO2 has shown outstanding catalytic performance. These catalysts are insoluble in the reaction mixture and can be easily separated by simple filtration and reused. Typical batch reactor’s kinetic data were obtained and fitted to the classical Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Mars–van Krevelen and as well as to the Eley-Rideal model of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. In alcohol oxidation reactions the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was found to give a better fit. The rate-determining step was proposed to involve direct interaction of an adsorbed oxidizing species with the adsorbed reactant or an intermediate product of the reactant. While in toluene oxidation the Eley-Rideal model was found to give a better fit. Eley-Rideal mechanism envisages reaction between adsorbed oxygen with hydrocarbon molecules from the fluid phase. The calculated apparent activation energy and agitation effect have shown the absence of mass transfer effect.
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