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Chapter 3: Sources of the Qur’ānic Thoughts of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad

Influences of ‘Allāma Muḥammad Iqbāl on Thoughts of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad

            Dr. Isrār Aḥmad(d:1431A. H/2010A. D) admits this fact that his personality is deeply influenced by Dr. ‘Allāma Muḥammad Iqbāl(d:1357A. H/1938A. D). In his book titled Da‘vat Rujū‘ ilā al-Qur’ān kā Manẓar-o-Pasmanẓar, he writes:

            “The foremost and the deepest imprint on my mind is that of late ‘Allāma Iqbāl’s Urdu Poetry as I spent my high school life (1941-1947A. D) in reading and humming of bāng-e-darā, bāl-e-Jibra’īl, zarb-e-Kalīm and verses of armughān-e-Ḥijāz. This aroused in me a national passion so I, in that era, found the only like-minded group of the Muslim League, associated myself as per my little ability with the Muslim Students Federation- a body of the Muslim League movement. [1]

            At another point in the same book, he further writes:

            “No denying the fact that like howal awwalo wal ākhiro, my thoughts and vision have the initial and final impact of late ‘Allāma Iqbāl; the former mostly being ‘passionate’ with the outcome of ‘Passion for the Community’ whereas the latter is purely ‘Conceptual’; thus, my concept has the objectivity of “Studying the Qur’ān in the background of Modern Concepts” or “Analysis and Review of the Modern Thoughts in the Light of the Qur’ān”. [2]

            The above lines explain that the vision of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad(d:1431A. H/2010A. D) had the initial impact on ‘Allāma Iqbāl’s personality. The thoughts propounded by Dr. Isrār Aḥmad all his life have the footprints leading to the poetry of Iqbāl.

Political System in Islām

Politically, ‘Allāma Iqbāl was strictly against a democratic government as he says:

 tou nay kiā dekhā nahi maghrib kā Jamhōri...

Components of Valid Interrogation Techniques under Islamic Law

Valid interrogation of the accused is an art or skill in today’s modern world. The law and techniques of interrogation varies in the developed and developing world. Similarly, the Islamic law is not silent about the techniques of valid interrogation. There are specific rules and procedures for the interrogation of an accused either a criminal, an enemy, a spy or a war prisoner. This paper gives a detailed analysis about the principles and procedures of a valid interrogation process in Islam and its computability with the International Human Rights standards of interrogations. The paper argue that understanding the psychic-analytical niceties of interrogation helps an investigator to reach the truth. The paper finds that Islamic law gives full protection and safeguard to the rights of persons under custody and restrict the authorities to follow free and fair interrogation for ensuring justice. In this regard Islam presents a balanced view of the rights of the persons under custody and the executives exercise of legitimate force for interrogation. Islam strongly forbids torture and other inhuman ways of interrogation.

Exploring Principal-Student Relationships in a Private Secondary School in Pakistan

This study explores principal-student relationships in a private Montessori to Secondary school in Karachi. The study was contextual which necessitated the design of the study to adopt a qualitative case study paradigm. Observation and interview were the main methods for data collection. The study analyzed the data using grounded theory development approach. The research participants included the principal of the school and nine students from grades 4 to 8. Principal-student relationships at School of Educational Excellence (pseudonym) are in a variety of dimensions. Many of the nuances of these relationships are influenced by such contextual factors, such as principal's beliefs and past experiences, and the stereotypical conceptions about students, such as them being obedient and mannered. These relationships provide different purposes, such as knowledge delivery and controlling student behavior. The Madam' or the Godmother' emerges as the most important person for students in the school. The study also found that the principal deals stringently with students' behavioral issues more so in the case of male students. Principal's perceptions of girl students adopt a stereotypical image as them being obedient and docile. The study finds that the principal's gender becomes significant in principal-student relationships. Furthermore, principal-student relationships are also seen to be influencing other relationships such as principal-parent relationships, principal-teacher relationships and principal-governors relationships. Research literature on principal-student relationships being scanty in Pakistan, the study's findings are significant as they give a qualitative insight into the beliefs and practices of a principal's relationships with students. It is also significant as it highlights the influences of principal-student relationships on students' engagement in learning in the school. This study throws light on how principal and students behave in relation to each other. Also, it adds to our knowledge of how principal and students view themselves in relation to each other in a secondary school, thus contributing to our overall understanding of principal-student relationships in schools in Pakistan. To sum up, this study explores some of the inter- and intra-relationship intricacies, and how they have a bearing on the principal-student relationships.
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