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7۔منٹو کے افسانوں میں خاندان کی مذہبی اور ثقافتی حیثیت

منٹو کے افسانوں میں خاندان کی مذہبی اور ثقافتی حیثیت

وجیہہ ضمیر

منٹو کے ذہن میں بجلی کی سی تیزی توانائیاں تب و تاب تھی ان کا علم حاضر جواب بھی مسلمہ جس طرح تحریر کو ہمیشہ سربلند رہے تھے نو بازی میں بھی وہ ہمیشہ سرخرو ہو کر نکلتے تھے ان کے ذہن کی تیزی وجڈت اور شدت نے ہمیشہ ان کا ساتھ دیا ۔ منٹو بھری محفل میں بلا کسی جھجھک کے بات کہنے کی ہمت رکھتے ہیں انہیں اپنے ادبی قدوقامت کا بی احساس تھا اس لیے بڑوں بڑوں کی بزم میں بھی ان کا انداز بے باک اور بے تکلفانہ اور بے حجابانہ رہتا تھا اور ان کی شوخی طبعی کے آگے سب بے بس ہو جاتے تھے ۔ منٹو نے مذہب پر کبھی سنجیدگی سے غور نہیں کیا تھا اور یہی مذہبی قواعد کی پابندی تو کبھی سوچ لیا تھا لیکن اسلام کے ساتھ والہانہ عشق تھا انہوں نے ہمیشہ مذہب کے نام پر کئے گئے مظالم کے خلاف بغاوت کا علم بلند کیا وہ ایک انسان دوست تھے وہ حقائق سب سے بڑے ترجمان  تھے تقسیم ملک کے جو حالات رونما ہوئے تھے اس سے نقدی شکل ہو چکا تھا وہ اپنے آپ کو یہ قدیم ہندوستان کا وارث سمجھتے تھے کسی بھی معاشرے میں رہنے والے لوگوں کا آپس میں تعلق بہت ضروری ہے جنم لیتا ہے درحقیقت انہی تعلقات کی تشکیل سے معاشرہ جنم لیتا ہے تاہم تعلق کی بھی خام ہوتی ہیں اور سب سے اہم رشتہ خونی رشتہ ہوتا ہے

منٹو نے اپنے افسانوں میں اس کے بارے میں بہت ذکر کیا ہے ویسے غور سے جائزہ لیا جائے تو اس کے افسانوں میں خاندانی رشتوں کا بیان موجود ہے منٹو کے افسانوی مجموعہ"خالی بوتلیں خالی ڈبے" میں...

خون حرا م ہے: حلال انڈسٹری کے بنیادی قرآنی معیار کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Healthy nourishment depends on healthy food. General consideration of people is of being the food safe and edible for human consumption not its effect on their spiritual selves but the Islamic terms Ḥalāl and Ḥarām emphasis on both physical and internal safety. Islam commands to avoid doubtful and dubious things rather than to use Ḥarām. The unprecedented evolution and advancement of science and technology caused a revolution in the food-science and technology as well. Many new and innovative flavors etc. Took place of organic and natural consumables. Accordingly, the Muslims were in dire need of a robust system which would be able to convince them of the Ḥalāl status of the daily consumables. The article investigates the Sharī’ah stand on the issue of blood in the light of Qur’ān, Sunnah and comparative jurisprudence study, and modern sciences related to blood. Keeping in mind the Globalized Halal Industry all the researched is coupled with combined comparative study of all Schools of Islamic Fiqh, to make easy the way of Unified Halaal Standard regarding the blood. Under the main title The paper comprises subtopics of an introduction and few chapters, which deal with definition and functions of blood, types of blood, difference between blood of aquatic and land animals, comparative study of modern sciences related to blood and Shariah status of use of the blood in various industries in term of Halal and Haram.

Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of Pair Ion Plasmas

An analysis of waves and instabilities in pair-ion plasma produced in some recent experiments is presented. The pair-ions, C±60, have the same mass and opposite charge. It is pointed out that the observation of the electrostatic ion acoustic wave frequency can be a suitable check to determine whether the produced plasma is a pure pair-ion plasma or whether it comprises some concentration of electrons. Linear and nonlinear electrostatic waves are studied in an unmagnetized pure pair-ion (PI) and pair-ion–electron (PIE) plasmas. In this thesis, we primarily focus on the analytical and numerical study of linear and nonlinear waves in pair-ion and pair-ion-electron plasmas and in particular formation of three different types of nonlinear structures have been investigated. The shear flow-driven electrostatic instabilities has been investigated in ideal low-density, low-temperature pair-ion-electron and pure pair-ion plasmas in several different cases, by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous density effects. In uniform pair-ionelectron plasma, when the shear flow is of the order of the acoustic speed, a purely growing D''Angelo mode can give rise to electrostatic fields. In the case of an inhomogeneous plasma, the drift wave becomes unstable. The presence of negative ions, however, reduces the growth rate. If the positive and negative ions are not in thermal equilibrium with each other, then the shear flow also gives rise to an electrostatic instability in pure pair-ion plasma. The Kortewege-de Vries-Burgers (KdV-B) equation is derived for drift-waves in a partially ionized non-uniform pair-ion-electron (PIE) plasma. The nonlinearity appears due to electron temperature gradient. The analytical solutions in the form of solitons, monotonic shocks and oscillatory shocks have been obtained. The numerical calculations have also been presented for PIE plasmas of fullerene and hydrogen for illustration keeping in view the recent experiments. The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers (KPB) equation is also derived for coupled drift acoustic shock waves in a partially ionized non-uniform pair-ion-electron (PIE) plasma in the presence of both density and temperature gradients, respectively. Both linear and nonlinear studies have been presented. The nonlinear KPB equation is derived in the small amplitude approximation method and its solution is found using the tanh method. The numerical calculations have also been presented for PIE plasmas of fullerene plasma. The effect of density and temperature inhomogeneities on the nature of the shock is also highlighted. The role of the velocity of the nonlinear structure with regard to the density and temperature gradients driven drift velocities is also pointed out and the effect of ionneutral collision frequency is also investigated. The linear and nonlinear dynamics of pair-ion (PI) and pair-ion-electron plasmas (PIE) have been investigated in a cylindrical geometry with a sheared plasma flow along the axial direction having radial dependence. The coupled linear dispersion relation of lowfrequency electrostatic waves has been presented taking into account the Gaussian profile of density and linear gradient of sheared flow. It is pointed out that the quasi-neutral cold inhomogeneous pure pair ion plasma supports only the obliquely propagating convective cell mode. The linear dispersion relation of this mode has been solved using boundary conditions. The nonlinear structures in the form of vortices formed by different waves have been discussed for PI and PIE plasmas. Johnson''s equation which is also known as cylindrical Kadomstev-Petviashvili (CKP) equation, is derived for pair-ion-electron plasmas to study the propagation and interaction of two solitons. Using a novel gauge transformation, two soliton solutions of CKP equation are analytically solved by using the Hirota''s method. Interestingly, it is observed that unlike the planar Kadomstev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, the CKP equation admits horseshoe-like solitary structures. Another non-trivial feature of CKP solitary solution is that the interaction parameter gets modified by the plasma parameters on contrary to the one obtained for Korteweg de Vries (KdV) type equation.
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