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المبحث الثاني: حقيقة الشعر الحر

المبحث الثاني: حقيقة الشعر الحر

 بدأت الدعوۃ تنمو وتتسع حتی بدأت القصائد حرۃ الوزن تظھر في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ، وفي عام 1950م تم نشر أول دیوان للشاعر العراقي عبدالوھاب البیاتي بإسم (ملائکۃ وشیاطین)[1] وکان فیہ قصائد حرة الوزن۔

وظھر بعدہ (المساء الخیر) لشاذل طاقۃ ، ثم تلا ذلک (أساطیر) لبدر شاکر السیاب. ولکن ھناک الکثیر من الأدباء الکبار الذین أنکروا ھذہ الحرکۃ وتوقعوا لھا الھزیمۃ والفشل وأیضاً اعتقدوا بأن معانیھا غیر مبتکرۃ. وقد قال الشاعر عمران العمران[2]: "وذلک أن التجدید في الشعر لا یکون بالتنکر لقوانینہ إنما یکون الابتکار في المعاني، کما یکون في الإبداع بالأسلوب وفي استحداث الصور والأخیلۃ الملائمۃ لبيئة الشاعر وحیاتہ المعاصرۃ[3]، وقال أیضاً : "علی أي حال، فإن مایسمی بالشعر الحر یمثل الھزیمۃ الأدبیۃ للأمۃ العربیۃ وھی ھزیمۃ لا تقل بحال عن ھزائمنا السیاسیۃ والعسکریۃ"[4]، وقال أیضاً في موضع: "علی أن ما یسمی بالشعر الحر یمکن اعتبارہ من قبیل النثر، بمعنی أن الجید منہ یمثل وجھاً أدبیاً، بل فکراً عربیاً، أما الرديء فإنہ یدخل في باب الکلام العادي الذي لا یختلف عن کلام السوقۃ والعوام، وقد ینتظم بعضہ مفھوم الھذر في أحیان کثیرۃ"[5]۔



[1] الملائکۃ، نازک، قضایا الشعر المعاصر، سبق ذکرہ، ص 37

[2] عمران محمد العمران، الأستاذ الأدیب الشاعر والناثر السعودي فلہُ مشارکات ثقافیۃ وأعمال أدبیۃ 
ونثریۃ۔

[3] العمران ، عمران بن محمد، ھوامش أدیبۃ(الطبعۃ الأولی، 1992م) بدون مکان النشر، ص17۰۔

بیسویں صدی عیسوی میں تحریک اسلامی کے اہداف و نتائج: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

After new Government in July 2018 in Pakistan term Riyasat e Madina has been surrounded without knowing its spirit. However, it is required to know that this slogan in not new and this dream is much old by revolutionists. Five different revolutionary parties work being examined and depicted that different path is being used by different parties with same slogan. But two parties in sub content chosen path of Muhammad SAW. One of them is already successful named MUJADDAD ALF SANI and another one is still on the way to choose Path of Muhammad SAW, named Dr. ISRAR AHMED. Main target for success is to choose Self-purification, contact with ancestors, target is eternal life and always give importance to internal purification instead of provocation.

Aloe Vera Polysaccharides and Proteins As Biological Response Modifiers and Their Therapeutic Efficacy Against Coccidiosis in Chickens

There are several natural biological products, which are effective to trigger immune responses in animals and human beings. In this regard, various plant species are considered to be potent natural biological products and their efficacy has been reported in various animal models. In the present study, Aloe (A.) vera derived biomolecules including polysaccharides and proteins were isolated and characterized as biological response modifiers and their subsequent protective effects against coccidiosis in chickens. A total of 640 chicks were randomly divided into two main treatment groups namely A (polysaccharides) and B (proteins), each containing 320 chicks. Each group was administered orally with the graded doses of polysaccharides and proteins for three consecutive days i.e. day 5th, 6th and 7th of age. Cellular immune responses were assessed for in vivo and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), Concanavalin-A (Con-A) respectively and Carbon particle clearance assay. Humoral immune responses were detected by microplate haemagglutination assay on 7th and 14th days post primary and secondary injections of sheep red blood cells. Weekly weight gains and feed conversion ratios were also calculated. For therapeutic studies chickens were challenged with mixed Eimeria species on 14th day post administration of A. vera biomolecules. Results revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P and Con-A in chickens administered with A. vera biomolecules as compared to control. Carbon particle clearance assay showed significantly higher clearance index (K) in control group than all biomolecules administered groups and phagocytic index (α) showed significantly higher response in all three biomolecules administered groups as compared to control. Significantly higher total Igs, IgG and IgM titers were also detected in groups administered with A. vera biomolecules. Biomolecules administered chickens showed better feed conversion ratios and significantly higher (p<0.05) weekly weight gains as compared to control. In challenge experiment maximum protection 70% and 57.5% were observed in polysaccharides and proteins administered groups, respectively. Significantly lower oocysts per gram of droppings, lesser lesion scores, better weight gains and higher anticoccidial index were observed in biomolecules administered groups. From the current study, it was concluded that A. vera derived biomolecules have the potential to be used as immunotherapeutic agent(s) in poultry and can be commercialized.
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