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ہائی جیکنگ کیس، ناصر بلوچ

ہائی جیکنگ کیس

ہائی جیکنگ کیس میں 1983تا1985ء تک چھ افراد کو دہشت گرد قرار دے کر ملٹری کورٹ نے انہیں پھانسی کی سزا دی ۔ان سب کا تعلق PSFسے تھا ۔

ناصر بلوچ

پیپلز پارٹی کا یہ سپوت 1955میں صوبہ سندھ میں پیدا ہوا ۔میٹرک کے بعد پاکستان سٹیل ملز کراچی میں بطور ڈرائیور بھرتی ہوا ۔اس پر الزام تھا کہ اس نے سٹیل ملز کی بس میں تینوں ہائی جیکروں سلام اﷲ ٹیپو،ناصر جمال اور راشد ٹیگی کو دہشت گردوں کی مدد کے لیے ائیر پورٹ پہنچایا ۔ ملٹری کورٹ نے انہیں موت کی سزادی۱ور1984ء میں اسے اس وقت پھانسی دی گئی جب وہ جیل میں FAامتحان دے رہا تھا ۔

 

Social Framework Analysis Through Oedipus Complex in Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

Sons and Lovers has always been posing problems for the teachers, during classroom critical discussions on the novel on account of its undue association with Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex and his focus on sexual instincts. Readers are forcibly led to the conclusion that there is convincing evidence of unconscious sexual attraction between Gertrude (the mother) and William and Paul (her sons) throughout the novel. The novel basically focuses on the individual’s mental and behavioral struggle to locate his own place in the social setup in pursuit of his dignity. An open-minded close examination of the novel makes one realize that it hardly deserves to be labelled as an illustration of Freud’s theory of Oedipus complex. Paul’s struggle for recognition and acceptance in the society is the central theme of the novel, which puts him in trying conditions and relations and leaves him struggling to adjust his place in quest of self-esteem and recognition. The more he tries to get satisfaction, the more he becomes disillusioned. Consequently, dissatisfaction leads him to interact with different people and he experiences maladjustment. The object of this paper is to analyze Paul’s relations with other main characters in the novel in order to diagnose the cause of his discontentment in his relations with them. An attempt has been made to view his predicament in the light of psychological and social cross-currents that pervade his behavior through-out the novel, Paul finds intellectual harmony with Miriam as her feelings match with those of his. Like Paul, she also wants to achieve something great. A cleavage occurs in their relationship when Miriam shows her reluctance to fulfil his carnal desires, as being unethical and contrary to her spiritual ideals. Paul’s sensual desires are fulfilled by Clara, a woman promising physical satisfaction but devoid of aesthetic sensibilities, which again compel him to turn to some new destinations. A thorough analysis of the novel Sons and Lovers clearly reveals that there is very little influence of Oedipus complex, while there is a strong chemical bond and natural affection between the mother and son which is a natural human instinct. Paul finds solace in the company of Gertrude simply on account of natural reasons and not for any amoral urge like Oedipus complex.

An Investigation of the Characteristics of Effluent Mixing in Streams

Water quality of natural rivers and streams are becoming worst due to highly contaminated effluent in developing countries. In Pakistan, natural streams are presenting dramatic scenario along with deadly environmental conditions. Considering the water pollution issues and increasing demand of water, it is truly required to manage all these things on priority basis. In case of developing countries like Pakistan where there are severe financial constraints, it is necessary to formulate such tactics for water quality management which would maintain acceptable stream water standards. Considering the negative impacts on the environment due to dispose of untreated effluent, it is seriously required to plan environmental management for all natural rivers and streams. Environmental impacts of untreated effluent on “Ravi River” water quality have been taken up for investigation. Untreated effluents from the city of Lahore and it suburbs are seriously polluting “Ravi River”. The river section between “Ravi Syphon” and “Balloki” is presenting the most horrible scene, where industrial effluents from “Hudira” and “Deg Nallah” are also joining the river. In this segment the river water is being used for irrigation and livestock purposes. Considering the pollution scenario, more expansive effluent treatment systems will be required to maintain environmental standards of this river. It is concluded that due to high rate untreated effluent “Ravi River” is acting as a wastewater carrier. The study propagates different reasons for the surface water quality degradation in Pakistan. Mixing of untreated effluent in large quantity to “Ravi River” is a serious threat to the environment and public health. Surface water quality parameters like, Biological Oxyen Demand (BOD), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids, Phosphorus, Chloride, Sodium, Total Kjeldahls,Nitrogen (TKN), Nitrate, Nitrites, Oil & Grease and Total Coliforms were measured on selected sampling stations for the period of three years. Laboratory results of collected samples are not satisfactory. To investigate the impacts of untreated effluent on microbial activities a biological survey was also carried out. Species of fish, oligochaetes, algae, stone fly, midge, and cadesfly were identified and discussed. It was investigated that during winter the river seems to be quite polluted. However conditions become better during summer VIAbstract months due to the increase in the flow rate. High concentration of wastewater microbes clearly explains that water quality of “Ravi River” is not satisfactory. Modeling of wastewater treatment process has gained much attention and a lot of research has been focused toward this area. Basic Activated Sludge Models (ASM) developed by International Water Association (IWA) task group are contributing considerably in wastewater treatment modeling. Different factors related to the model performance like model selection, model functions and model calibration are discussed in detail to support the effluent treatment process in Pakistan. The applications of ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d, ASM3, ASM3_2N, ASM3 bio-P model etc. are also studied. The white- box modeling techniques in this area are more significant. The importance of black-box models under special conditions where white-box models are not able to predict accurate results are also investigated. It was also found that use of hybrid, linearization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in wastewater treatment modeling can be more useful for process optimization and control. White-box modeling techniques in wastewater treatment modeling are most reliable for better understanding of the whole mechanism. Model purpose definition plays a vital role in model selection, data collection and calibration. Black-box modeling techniques can also be encouraged in this area to avoid wrong predicted results from white-box models under harsh environmental conditions like heavy rainfall or shock loading. It was also concluded during the investigation that hybrid modeling methodologies can be more supportive for process optimization and supervisory control. Low flow conditions in river along with high rate of contaminants are also damaging the ground water quality in the study area. During the study collected data from different departments, field sampling and field visits clearly narrate that hygienic conditions of “Ravi River” are becoming worst day by day. These conditions can only be improved by proper wastewater treatment plans, environmental management and powerful environmental legislation.
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