Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan
| Journal | NUML International Journal of Business and Management |
| Title | Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan |
| Author(s) | Sethar, Waqar Ahmed, Adnan Pitafi, Arabella Bhutto |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Pages | 17-34 |
| Full Text |  |
| URL | Link |
| Keywords | Cfa, Plse-Sem, Ees, Ecosystem, Entrepreneurship, Regional Economy |
| Chicago 16th | Sethar, Waqar Ahmed, Adnan Pitafi, Arabella Bhutto. "Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan." NUML International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 1 (2021). |
| APA 6th | Sethar, W. A., Pitafi, A., Bhutto, A. (2021). Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan. NUML International Journal of Business and Management, 16(1). |
| MHRA | Sethar, Waqar Ahmed, Adnan Pitafi, Arabella Bhutto. 2021. 'Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan', NUML International Journal of Business and Management, 16. |
| MLA | Sethar, Waqar Ahmed, Adnan Pitafi, Arabella Bhutto. "Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan." NUML International Journal of Business and Management 16.1 (2021). Print. |
| Harvard | SETHAR, W. A., PITAFI, A., BHUTTO, A. 2021. Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan. NUML International Journal of Business and Management, 16. |
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to validate the multi-dimensional scale of EntrepreneurialcEcosystem in the context of Pakistan. This research is based on 7 constructs with 54 items that affect the entrepreneurial ecosystem in any given region. The sample of 244 respondents are the owners of companies and, startups who participated in this research.The Confirmatory factory analysis showed factor loadings of all constructs greater than 0.40, while partial least square structural equation modeling showed acceptable values of construct reliability, composite reliability, however, average variance extracted was shown to be greater than 0.40 and less than the acceptable value of 0.5 for some constructs, while the HTMT ratio established discriminant validity of the constructs another criterion i.e. Fornell-Larcker criterion also established the discriminant validity of the constructs with some constructs having values less than 0.705, while some of the item outer loadings were found to be between 0.6-0.70 however, within the acceptable range. This research has validated the multi-dimensional scale of the entrepreneurial ecosystem with new sub-domain i.e. support professions and support finance. This scale can be used to measure the strength of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of any region with appropriate homogeneous sample