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مولانا سعید انصاری

مولانا سعید انصاری
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے ہمارے قدیم اور سابق رفیق مولانا سعید انصاری نے لاہور میں انتقال کیا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے دور اول کے رفقاء میں تھے، ان میں تالیف و تصنیف کا بہت اچھا سلیقہ تھا، اور وہ اردو زبان و ادب کا بڑا ستھرا مذاق رکھتے تھے، لیکن مزاج میں استقلال اور اعتدال و توازن نہ تھا، اس لئے کسی ایک مقام پر جم کر نہ رہ سکے، پہلی مرتبہ دارالمصنفین میں ان کا قیام سات آٹھ سال تک رہا، اس مدت میں انھوں نے سیر انصار اور سیر الصحابیات لکھی، اور امام ابو مسلم اصفہانی معتزلی کی تفسیر ’’جامع التاویل لمحکم التنزیل‘‘ جو اب دنیا سے ناپید ہوچکی ہے، اس کے اقتباسات امام رازی کی تفسیر کبیر سے جمع کرکے اس کو کتابی شکل میں مرتب کیا، جو اسی زمانہ میں دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہو گئی تھی، پھر دارالمصنفین چھوڑ کر صوفی پنڈی بہاء الدین کے یہاں چلے گئے اور اس کے لئے سیر الصحابہ کے نام سے شیخینؓ کے حالات ایک جلد میں لکھے، اس کے بعد مختلف اسکولوں میں ٹیچر رہے، مگر ان میں مستقل قیام نہ رہ سکا اس لئے حضرت سید صاحبؒ نے ان کو پھر دارالمصنفین بلالیا، اس مرتبہ ان کا قیام تین چار سال رہا، مگر متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ اس دور کی اور کوئی یادگار نہیں ہے، یہاں سے دوبارہ الگ ہونے کے بعد مختلف رسالوں کے اڈیٹر رہے، پھر سید صاحب نے ان کو ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الہ آباد کے سہ ماہی اردو رسالہ کا اڈیٹر مقرر کروایا، چند برسوں کے بعد اس سے بھی الگ ہوگئے، اور پاکستان قائم ہونے کے بعد لاہور چلے گئے، حضرت سید صاحبؒ نے ان کو لاہور یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا میں رکھا دیا، اسی خدمت پرتھے کہ دفعتہ ان کے انتقال کی خبر ملی، شاعر...

Implikasi Peran Dan Fungsi Pengawasan Bank Syariah Di Indonesia Pasca UU No. 21 Tahun 2011

The growth of the Sharia banking system in Indonesia is considered a measure of Sharia's economic success. The Indonesian Sharia Banking Supervision is responsible for regulating sharia banking activities. It is important to note that this information is from a regulatory point of view. The regulation and supervision of sharia banking activities are based on amendments to Act No. 3 of 2004 on the Bank of Indonesia, No. 23 of 1999, and Law No. 21 of 2008. After the passing of OJK Act No. 21 in 2011, Indonesian banks were granted the authority to oversee Sharia banks, which were then transferred to the JSC. The Financial Services Authority was formed due to concerns from various parties about the supervisory function of Indonesian banks in regulating Sharia banking. The JSC does not directly monitor all activities of Sharia institutions, but rather ensures that certain aspects are overseen by other institutions, such as the DPS (Dewan Pengawas Syariah).  The DPS is responsible for overseeing Sharia Financial Institutions, and is registered based on the approval of the National Sharia Council (DSN). The objective of the OJK is to meet and protect the needs and interests of the public, create a stable and sustainable financial system, and implement a financial system based on the principles of good governance, which include accountability, transparency, and independence.

Dimension and Composition of Plant Life in Tehsil Takht-E-Nasrati, District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan

DIMENSION AND COMPOSITION OF PLANT LIFE IN TEHSIL TAKHT-E- NASRATI, DISTRICT KARAK, KHYBER PAKHTUN KHAWA, PAKISTAN By Musharaf Khan The present study was designed to assess plant life structure and resources of Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati, District Karak, Khyber Pakhtun Khawa, Pakistan with respect to local people and their livestock exercise since in the investigated area no such work was done before. The study revealed that investigated area had 161 plant species belonging to 136 genera and 57 families. There are 7 families of monocotyledons having 21 genera and 25 species. Dicotyledons had 50 families, 115 genera and 136 species. Overall Poaceae was the dominant family with 17 species followed by Asteraceae had 13 species. Phenological data showed that 94 plants were found in flowering condition in spring which included 19 (11.8%) tree, 11 (6.83%) shrubs, 61 (37.9%) herbs and 3 (1.86%) parasites. In summer, 28 plants including 1 (0.62%) tree, 3 (1.86%) shrubs, 21 (13%) herbs and 3 (1.86%) grasses. In winter, 27 plants including 2 (1.24%) trees, 5 (3.11%) shrubs, 17 (10.6%) herbs and 3 (1.86%) grasses while 12 plants had through out the year included 4 (2.48%) shrubs, 5 (3.11%) herbs and 3 (1.86%) grasses. The biological spectrum revealed that therophytes was dominated by 77 plants species (47.83%) followed by hemicryptophytes (30 spp., 18.63%), megaphanerophytes (17 spp., 10.6%), nanophanerophytes (16 spp., 9.94%), chamaephytes (11 spp., 6.83%), microphanerophytes (4 spp, 2.48 %), parasite (3 spp, 1.86%) and geophytes (03 spp., 1.86%). The leaf size spectrum dominated by microphylls (85 spp. 52.8%) followed by nanophylls (32 spp. 19.9%), mesophylls (17 spp. 10.6 %), leptophylls (15 spp. 9.32%) and megaphylls (12 spp. 7.45%). Through ethnobotanical profile it was reported that the locals used 118 (73.3%) species as folk medicinal plants, 114 (70.8 %) fodder species, 47 (26.7 %) fuel species, 16 (9.94 %) timber woods, 23 (14.3 %) vegetable species, 50 (31.06 %) veterinary use plants, 90 (55.9 %) honey bee species. The 33 (20.5 %) fruit plants species and 17 (10.6 %) species were used for making agricultural tools, 19 (11.8 %) species were used for fencing field borders and 18 (11.18%) were used for making furniture. It was a different ecological study of the investigated area. Quantitative and qualitative description of diverse plant communities at different altitude had provided some basic information about phytodiversity, plant life structure and climatic combination. The investigated area was divided on the basis of altitude i.e. stand 1 (340 – 399 m), stand 2 (400 - 499 m), stand 3 (500 - 599 m) and stand 4 (600-700 m). Community structures in diverse sites were taken into spring, summer and winter. In each season 22 plant communities were established at various sites on the basis of important value from each plant strata i.e. tree, shrub and herb. In spring aspect, 66 plant species, summer (46 spp.) and in winter 72 plant species were recorded in different plant communities. All plant communities showed heterogeneity in all seasons. With increasing altitude heterogeneity occurred in most of the communities. In plain and hilly area, the highest value was originated of class B i.e. 7.35 and 7.09 respectively. The highest value of species diversity (3.097) and equitability value (0.957) was found in spring while the highest value of species richness (5.752) was found in winter. Communities had high percentage of maturity index value in summer. In summer and winter total 12 plant communities showed similarity above 65% while winter show no similarity above 65% between communities. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis marked out distinct 4 groups association in spring i.e. Prosopis-Fagonia-Saccharum association, Zizyphus-Saccharum-Acacia association, Fagonia-Zizyphus-Eragrostis association, Aerua-Acacia-Cymbopogon association, in summer, 5 association i.e. Cenchrus- Saccharum-Prosopis association, Cenchrus-Eragrostis-Calligonum association, Zizyphus-Cenchrus-Eragrostis association, Rhazya-Fagonia-Cymbopogon association and Aerua-Boerhavia-Zizyphus association and in winter, 4 association i.e. Cenchrus-Saccharum-Prosopis association, Cenchrus-Zizyphus-Saccharum association, Cenchrus-Zizyphus-Cymbopogon association and Aerua-Zizyphus-Acacia association by different level, cycling and similarity of communities. The herb biomass was high 730 Kg.hec-1 during spring at stand 1 (340 – 399 m). The grass biomass was high 173 Kg.hec-1 during summer at stand 3 (400-499 m). The total herbs mean biomass was high during spring (536.30 Kg.hec-1) while the grasses had (129.9 Kg.hec-1) during summer. The total average herbaceous biomass was high at stand 1 (262.58 Kg.hec-1) and total mean and average biomass of research area was 223.23 Kg.hec-1. The overall average total shrub biomass was 741.58 Kg. hec-1. The total shrub biomass in different area was diverse from 13.47 Kg. hec-1 to 2665.12 Kg. hec-1. As a whole the shrub biomass was high in winter while low in summer. The people of area rely on animals for their livelihood. The major plants are grazed in the investigated area. Of the 161 recorded species, 29 species (18.01 %) were non palatable, 32 spp. (19.88 %) highly palatable, 43 spp. (26.71 %) mostly palatable, 34 spp. (21.12 %) less palatable and 23 spp. (14.29 %) were rarely palatable. 10 plant species were studied for phytochemical screening i.e. alkalid, carbohydrate, saponins, anthraquinone, flavonoid, steroids and tannins in three phenological stages. In mineral analysis 3 macro mineral such as sodium, potassium and calcium and 7 micro mineral like zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, nickel, cadmium and lead were analyzed in the 10 selected forage species in three phenological stages. Ten selected forage species were analyzed for proximate analysis like moisture, ash, fiber, carbohydrate, protein, fat and energy in three phenological stages. The conservation status of trees and shrubs on the basis of IUCN criteria showed that of the 45 plant species 20 (44.44 %) plant species were vulnerable, 16 (35.56 %) rare, 7 (15.56 %) endangered and 2 (4.44 %) plant species were infrequent. The current investigation highlighted that the area had great potential of plant life resources and biodiversity. It is concluded that natural habitats are crushing at dreadful speed which results in alteration of wild plant life habitat. It needs all achievable assessment for protection and sustainable exploitation of plant life.
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