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11. Hud /Prophet Hud

11. Hud /Prophet Hud

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

11:01
Alif. Lam. Ra’
This - Qur’an - is a Divine Book with Clear Injunctions that are distinctly explained.
This is from The One and Only Allah, WHO is All-Wise and All-Knowing of everything,

11:02
proclaiming:
Do not submit in worship to anyone apart from Allah – The One and Only God.
Truly I – Muhammad ibn Abdallah - am designated as a warner as well as a herald of good news to you from HIM.

11:03
And:
Seek forgiveness from your Rabb - The Lord and turn towards HIM in awe and repentance.
Whereupon HE will provide you with best things of life for an appointed period, and
favor those with blessings who are worthy of HIS Grace.
d. But if you turn away, then, I fear for you the punishment of an Awful Time - the Time of Resurrection.

11:04
To Allah, you all have to go back -
for HE Manifests Sovereignty over all creations.

11:05
Look, how they are folding up their hearts trying to hide disbelief and hypocrisy from HIM.
However, even as they wrap themselves up with their outer garments, HE still Knows what they conceal and what they reveal,
for HE Knows full well what lies within their hearts.

11:06
There is not a living creature on the earth but its livelihood is provided by Allah.
And HE Knows its time-limit on earth and habitation and its final resting place -
for everything is recorded in a Clear Book.

11:07
And...

پاكستان ميں رائج نظام احتساب

Islam is a complete and perfect code of life. We find guidance from Islam on any aspect of life. This study aims to explore the evaluation of existing audit system in Islamic perspective. The study indicates the gaps and challenges in audit system keeping in view Islamic laws and principles. The study is qualitative in nature. Relevant documents have been analyzed keeping in view objectives of the study. Thematic content analysis has been used for the analysis of collected data. The study is significant for the researchers, policy makers and audit experts. Recommendation of the study are beneficial particularly for the Audit Department to overcome the existing gaps and challenges.

Population Ecology of the Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci Gennadius Homoptera: Aleyrodidae

The biology and population ecology of B. tabaci under field and laboratory conditions were determined in different agro-zones of Sindh province of Pakistan during 2000-2005. The investigations on the biology of the whitefly on musk melon and cucumber in laboratory conditions (30.8±2.13 0 C) revealed that the egg to adult longevity was higher (27.96±2.60 ♀ and 23.63±1.33 ♂ ) days on cucumber than musk melon (29.56±2.59 ♀ and 25.06±1.12 ♂ ) days. However, the fly laid more eggs on musk melon (88.00±7.96). The result of biology under temperature regimes 10, 15,20,25,30 and 35 0 C showed that the highest fecundity and development was recorded at 30 0 C and adult lived longer at 10 0 C whereas at 35 0 C no hatching of the eggs was recorded. Under field conditions, lesser fecundity and more hatching was recorded at 23.31±2.79 0 C than 31.57±4.25 0 C. Investigations on starvation capacity of 1 st instar crawlers indicated that 100% mortality was recorded with in 4.5 hours on dry blotting paper and no mortality was observed on wet blotting paper plus melon leaves. However, the LT 50s differences between moistened blotting paper and green leaf treatments were not significant at 95% confidence limits. Studies on distribution of immature stages on melon leaf showed that the proximal leaf sectors had significantly (P<0.01) more egg-density whereas distal sectors had more nymphal density. The investigations on effect of melon leaf maturity on nymphal mortality revealed that the fly laid more eggs on 3 rd node leaf and maximum nymphal survival percentages (97.65% of 1 st plus 2 nd instars) and (94.69% of 3 rd plus 4 th instars) were recorded on 4 th node leaf, respectively. Maximum adult emergence (95.03%) was recorded on 4 th leaf node. The highest mortality rates (0.102) in eggs, (0.088) in 1 st plus 2 nd instar nymphs on 3 rd node leaf and (0.088) in 3 rd plus 4 th instar nymphs were recorded on 4 th node leaf, respectively. The k-values 0.042, 0.064 and 0.908 were recorded for nymphs of 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th node leaves, respectively. The 3-year life table studies indicated that more than 20% mortality occurred in egg and 1 st instar nymphs and less than 20% was recorded in 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th instar nymphs, respectively. Similarly, maximum mean mortality percent (48.30±5.36) in all life stages was brought by the activities of predators followed by EMDFM (13.02±2.26), temperature (12.15±7.91), HFDH (8.30±1.60), parasitism (6.14±1.26), NTDH (3.89±1.20), fungal attack (1.10±0.50), abnormal adults (0.69±0.36) and wind plus rain (0.66±0.62), respectively. Seasonal abundance of parasitoids at Dadu , Tandojam and Thatta revealed that Aphelinid parasitoids, two species of genus Encarsia and three species of Eretmocerus were found parasitizing the nymphs of the whitefly at all agro-zones with parasitoid: whitefly ratios (1.7.93), (1:8.25) and (1:18.33) in spring and in summer as (1:8.26), (1:9.71) and (1:24.41) at Dadu, Thatta and Tandojam, respectively. Studies on sampling and distribution of the whitefly adults revealed that cylindrical shaped yellow sticky trap captured significantly (P<0.01) maximum (22.87 ± 2.69) flies followed by flat and round shape; cylindrical trap at 6 ² above the ground level caught maximum (14.37 ± 2.02) flies. The highest population (6.56 ± 1.34) per leaf of B. tabaci was recorded on the 2 nd -node leaves. More activity (6.56 ± 1.34 flies per leaf) was xixrecorded at 8.00 a.m. than (4.03 ± 0.83) at 12.00 noon. Studies on preferential distribution on cucurbit and non-cucurbit crops indicated that the population of B. tabaci was significantly (P<0.01) more on cucurbit crops than on the non-cucurbit crops except brinjal. The whitefly population was positively correlated (r=0.66) with the pH of the crops. The results on seasonal population variation of B. tabaci in different agro-zones of Sindh during 2000-2001revealed that musk melon, cucumber and Indian squash retained the highest population of the fly at Thatta in spring and summer followed by Badin, Dadu, Sakrand and Tandojam. Studies further showed that mixed and continuous cropping system favored the activities of the whitefly. It is concluded that musk melon and cucumber equally favored the development of B. tabaci. Temperature at 30 o C enhanced rate of development, starved 1 st instar crawler lived for 5 hours on dry blotting paper, more eggs were laid on proximal leaf sector and maximum nymphs were found on distal sector, maximum k-value was recorded on 5 th node leaves, maximum mortality (dx) was recorded in egg and 1 st inster nymph and the most effective mortality factors (dxf) were predation followed by EMDFM and temperature, higher ratio of parasitoids: whitefly were observed at Dadu and Thatta in spring, cylindrical shaped trap mounted at 6" above ground level gave more catches and the highest adult population of B. tabaci was recorded on the 2nd- node leaves at 8.00 a.m., cucurbit crops and brinjal were preferred hosts and the seasonal population due to mixed and continuous cropping was recorded more in spring and summer seasons than autumn in Thatta followed by Badin, Dadu, Tandojam and Sakrand.
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