Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

فیض احمد فیض کی شاعری کا تنقیدی جائزہ

فیض احمد فیض کی شاعری کا تنقیدی جائزہ
فیض احمد فیض غالب اور اقبال کے بعد اردو کے سب سے عظیم شاعر ہیں۔ آپ تقسیمِ ہند سے پہلے ۱۹۱۱ء میں سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ انجمن ترقی پسند مصنفین تحریک کے فعال رکن اور ایک ممتاز اِشتراکیت سٹالنسٹ فکر کے کمیونسٹ تھے۔
فیض شاعری میں ایک نئی روایت کے علمبردار وہ ترقی پسند تحریک کے بانیوں میں سے ہیں مگر ان کے ہاں دیگر ترقی پسندوں کی طرح تلخی نہیں ہے۔ انہوں نے مروجہ الفاظ کو نہایت فنکارانہ انداز میں معنی عطا کیے اور غزل کی معروف روایات کو اپنے نصب العین کے مفاہیم کے ساتھ بیان کیا۔
بچپن:
فیض۱۳ فروری ۱۹۱۱ء کو کالا قادر، ضلع نارووال، پنجاب، برطانوی ہند میں ایک معزز سیالکوٹی گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔۱۹۲۱ئمیں آپ نے سکاچ مشن اسکول سیالکوٹ میں داخلہ لیا اور یہاں میٹرک تک تعلیم حاصل کی۔ میٹرک کے امتحانات کے بعد آپ نے ایف اے کا امتحان مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے پاس کیا۔ آپ نے اسکول میں فارسی اور عربی زبان سیکھی۔بی اے آپ نے گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور سے کیا اور پھر وہیں سے ۱۹۳۲ئمیں انگریزی میں ایم اے کیا۔ بعد میں اورینٹل کالج لاہور سے عربی میں بھی ایم اے کیا۔
ترقی پسند تحریک کا قیام:
۱۹۳۵ء میں آپ نے محمڈن اینگلو اورینٹل کالج، امرتسر میں انگریزی و برطانوی ادب کے لیکچرر کی حیثیت سے ملازمت کی؛ اور پھر ہیلے کالج لاہور میں۔ آپ نے ۱۹۳۶ئمیں سجاد ظہیر اور صاحبزادہ محمودالظفر کے ساتھ مل کر انجمن ترقی پسند مصنفین تحریک کی بنیاد ڈالی۔
شاعری کے مجموعے:
• نقش فریادی • دست صبا
• زنداں نامہ • دست تہ سنگ
• سر وادی سینا • شام شہر یاراں
• مرے دل مرے مسافر • نسخہ ہائے وفا (کلیات)
فیض ناقدین کی نظر میں:
معروف نقاد پروفیسر آل احمد سرور...

Western Parameters of Freedom of Expression: A Critique from Islamic Perspective

This study explores Western parameters and principles of freedom of expression from an Islamic perspective. Western thought advocates infinite freedom of speech but it also has some regulations, limits and restraints. Every Western human rights instrument and convention guarantee freedom of expression, but in fact, the excess of freedom is bringing the society to a harsh kind of clash and conflict. In simple words, freedom without sufficient legal and moral restrictions cannot be managed. It is also observed that without strict legal and moral boundaries, it cannot become fruitful for the state and society. Even the Western world, which is representative of maximum freedom of speech, also bounds freedom of expression with some parameters and restrictions. However, it is propagated that the Western laws provide outclass freedom of expression and speech. The actual situation is not as good as it is expressed, because on one hand, the international instruments provide freedom of speech and on the other, they limit it through certain laws. It means freedom of expression is not free of boundaries in the West also. In other words, it is only a mythology and controlled propaganda that the Western thought and civilization provides absolute and unlimited freedom of expression and press in their countries. Instead, Islamic teachings categorically agree to provide the right to freedom of expression but on the other hand, it binds them with some social, moral and legal boundaries to save the society from any kind of clash and conflict. It is perceived Western legal instruments limit freedom of expression with some legal boundaries and laws rather than ethics and morals. It is recommended on behalf of this study that the Western world also puts moral and religious boundaries on freedom of expression for its safety. An analytical & critical approach with qualitative research methodology is adopted in the study.

Scattering of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiofrequency Field by Implanted Medical Devices

The radiofrequency field used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging is scattered by implanted medical devices. The scattered field is concentrated in the tissue surrounding the implant and conduction currents will flow in the tissue resulting in potentially hazardous heating. Patients with medical implants can undergo diagnostic or interventional MRI procedures and thus the scattering of the MRI RF field by medical implants merits a detailed investigation. In this thesis, scattering by various types of implants has been investigated. The scattered field of a deep brain stimulation lead can be very intense near the electrodes stimulating the brain. The lead is just like an antenna excited by an incident electromagnetic field in a dissipative medium. The greatest concern regarding MRI induced heating is when the lead length approaches the resonant length. The factors that determine the resonant length of a lead are examined. The finite element method is used to find the near field for the lead immersed in nonhomogeneous tissue and connected to an implantable pulse generator as well as for varying distances of the connecting portion of the lead from the air-tissue interface. Electric field, SAR, dissipated powers and induced temperature rise distributions have been obtained in the brain tissue surrounding the electrodes. It is shown that the presence of the IPG can significantly change the induced temperature rise and that the near proximity of the air-tissue interface results in a reduction in the induced temperature rise. The computed values are in good agreement with in-vitro measurements made in the laboratory. Similar analyses and computations have been carried out for an implanted vagus nerve stimulation lead device. Current distributions in the twin-strand lead have been computed. SAR and temperature rise distributions have been obtained around the twin electrodes which are placed on the left vagus nerve. A model implant embedded in nonhomogeneous tissue has been investigated. The nature of the embedding tissue is varied and the current distribution in the implant, the scattered field, and the temperature rise distributions in the tissue surrounding the electrodes has been computed. It has been found that the induced temperature rise is significantly lower for tissue with a lower conductivity and permittivity such as fat than for tissue with a higher conductivity and permittivity such as muscle. The interaction of the MRI RF field with orthopedic implants is investigated. As specific case studies, the scattered fields due to a bone support frame implant and a hip joint implant are computed. It is found that the greatest MRI- induced heating occurs at the tips of long metal parts where the length and thickness of a metal part and its tips determine the amount of induced heating. For the bone support frame, the induced surface current density distributions on the steel pins and the spatial electric field distributions in the surrounding tissue have been obtained. For the hip joint, the maximum temperature rise is at the elliptical tip of the long cylindrical limb of the joint where it joins the femur. The spatial electric field and temperature rise distributions around intravascular stents of various lengths have also been obtained. The maximum temperature rise occurs in the tissue surrounding the tips of a stent. The induced heating effect increases with increasing length.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.