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اے۔ کے ۔ بروہی

اے ۔ کے ۔ بروہی
ہندوستان اور پاکستان کے علمی حلقوں میں یہ خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ بین الاقوامی شہرت کے قانون داں اور عالم جناب اے۔ کے۔ بروہی جن کا پورا نام اﷲ بخش بروہی تھا، گزشتہ ستمبر میں عارضہ قلب میں انتقال فرما گئے، ان کی میت لندن سے کراچی لائی گئی، ان کی عمر ۷۲ سال کی تھی، مرحوم کے بارے میں یہ بالکل درست ہے کہ پیشہ کے لحاظ سے وہ قانون داں تربیت کے لحاظ سے فلسفی اور مزاج کے لحاظ سے دیندار تھے، ان کی قوت گویائی اعلیٰ درجہ کی تھی، ۱۹۶۰؁ء میں وہ پاکستان کے ہائی کمشنر ہوکر ہندوستان آئے، ان ہی دنوں ایک انڈوپاک کلچرل کانفرنس دلی میں منعقد ہوئی، جس میں پاکستان کے چوٹی کے ادیب، شاعر اور دانشور بھی آئے ہوئے تھے، افتتاحیہ جلسہ میں وزیراعظم جواہر لال نہرو شریک تھے، وہ بہت تھکے تھکے معلوم ہورہے تھے لیکن جب بروہی صاحب تقریر کرنے لگے تو وہ ہمہ تن گوش ہوگئے۔
بروہی صاحب نے اسلام آباد میں انٹرنیشنل یونیورسٹی قائم کی جس کے وہ پہلے ریکٹر ہوئے، پاکستان کی نیشنل ہجرۃ کونسل کے چیرمین تھے، جس کی وجہ سے حکومت نے انھیں سفیر کا درجہ دے رکھا تھا، وہ انگریزی میں کئی کتابوں کے مصنف تھے۔ نیشنل ہجرۃ کونسل کے چیرمین کی حیثیت سے وہ اسلام سے متعلق ایک سو اعلیٰ معیار کی کتابیں مرتب کرانے میں مصروف تھے، ان کتابوں کے انتخاب کے لئے ایک کمیٹی مقرر کی گئی ہے، جس کے ایک رکن مرحوم سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن بھی تھے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۱۹۸۸ء)

 

MEWASPADAI VIRUS LGBT PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK

LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) is a frightening epidemic of society, especially in Indonesia. The epidemic also infects most children and adolescents. So as educators, both parents and teachers should pay particular attention  to the symptoms that cause virus LGBT in the community, especially in children's education. Because it is against the nature, norms, customs, religion and morals of humanity. Moreover, LGBT's behavior is not a disease transmitted through genes or disorders, but more to the consequences mistakes and erros of children’s education.

The Study of Shortcomings in Conventional Banking System: A Maqasid-E-Shariah Perspective

It is unanimous quote that the life blood of development is the sound economy of a country. The trend reveals the fact, all the developed countries across globe are symbols of cited above quote. Contrary to the said saying, countries deficient of it are still striving for survival and the world ranks them in the list of under developed countries. It is also pertinent to mention that along with other relevant factors to boost up the economy, banking sector play a very keen role in providing the smooth ground one way or other. The fact beyond it is quite clear as this Industry has depth involvement in almost all life businesses. Nobody can deny the importance of this sector that is why the fast growth has been observed in Banking Industry so for as comparative to other economic sectors. Similarly, the financial history depicts the datum about gray aspect of this sector. The downfall of financial industry leads towards the collapsing of entire economy as almost all the core economic activities based on this industry directly or indirectly. In last centuries, financial crises has been observed numerous time affecting the global economies and put the adverse impact on routine economic cycles for long time. The economist played a vital role in evaluating these financial crises and presented thousands of research papers and reports aimed to explain the issue and causes of its occurrences. Likewise different surveys has been conducted in order to get core and real causes of these disasters but all in vain. After practicing a large number of remedial measures and opting thousands of suggestion in this regard results almost same consequences. The world economy faced huge financial disaster on average after decade or two like Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression, Oil Crises in 1973, Latin American Debt Crises in 1982, Black Monday in1987, U.S Saving and Loan Crises in 1989, Japanese Asset Bubble in 1990, Mexican Peso Crises in 1994, Asian Financial Crises in 1997, Russian Financial Crises in 1998 and Dot-Com bubble in 2000. The worst case occurred in 2008 that affect the world economy severely. Almost all the dollar base countries felt the shocks of these crises. The summary of almost all recommendations towards its healing and to bringing them in a streamline of rationality shows that all are primarily made on derived assumptions of mankind and based theoretical phenomena’s constantly leaving the space for individual’s curiosity and interest which leads the system to repeat itself in year or decade in the shape of new financial disaster or financial crises. Important to mention that after the use of bulk of energies and utilization of all type resources, why the economist are unable to explore the solid and firm system to accomplish the financial objectives of humanity and why the world used to face such disaster in a cyclic manner and why the financiers remains in risk of “anything may happen anytime” and in fear of uncertainty. The only answer to all raised question is very clear that we always construct our system on man-made policies and procedures rather than opting the divine rules and orders. “An interesting irony that every dollar note has the admission: “In God we trust”, but when it comes to develop theories to earn dollars or to distribute or spend them, trust is placed only on human ideas based on personal assessments; God is held totally out of picture, as being irrelevant to economic activities’. [Taqi Usmani, 2009].This is the quandary that high financial experts and economist didn’t realize and nobody confer attention towards it to know the root cause of downfall. Manmade theories are always limited to specified era and restricted to particular setting. That is why the world economy consistently running with high risk. So there is dire need felt to observe the banking system in the light of divine rules to ensure its smooth operations with full confidence of sound and firm procedures from customer to organizations along with reliance of all stakeholders operating in the said system directly or indirectly. This research study will mainly covers the identification of shortcomings in conventional banking system with respect to sharia’s principles and laws only. Those products, trends, policies and dealings of it violating the cultural norms, international accounting or auditing standards and any other sort of disrespect and lacking is not the considerable part of this research. Along with that, it also focus on describing the remedial measures of the loopholes in order to eliminate them from the system to ensure the smooth flow of financial operations and to protect it from adverse violations and exploitations. The study will present the some in vogue practices of Islamic banking system in the form of portraying the detail discussion of mostly used modes of financing like Mudarabah, Murābaḥa, Ijarah, and Diminishing Musharakah along with their procedural documentations and patterns exist in the Islamic Banks as sample that how these modes are free from all such lacking and weakness what the conventional Banks have which is the need of the day to address properly in order to bring the entire system in full conformity of divine standards and laws. For the said purpose, the study includes all the sources of Shariah i.e. Qura’n, Sunnah, Ijma and Qias classical literature and contemporary financial reports, surveys and procedural laws of different financial Institutions special emphases on conventional Banks. On the basis of findings of the study, the suggestions will be stated to bring the deviations in accord with the mainstream Sharia.
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