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فرزند مولاناحبیب الرحمن شروانی

فرزند مولانا حبیب الرحمن خان شروانی

            ماہ گزشتہ میں ہماری مجلس کے دو محترم ارکان بلکہ اساطین کو ’’وداعِ عزیز‘‘ کے دو جانگزا صدمے برداشت کرنے پڑے، مولانا حبیب الرحمن خان شروانی کو اپنے ’’محبوب‘‘ فرزند کی مفارقت دائمی کا داغ اٹھانا پڑا اور حسام الملک نواب سید علی حسن خان کو اپنے برادر بزگوار نظام الملک نواب سید نورالحسن خان کی دائمی جدائی کا غم سہنا پڑا، یہ دونوں بزرگوار ہماری مجلس کے دست و بازو ہیں، ان کا صدمات سے دو چار ہونا ہمارے لئے لازمۂ غم اور داعیۂ ماتم ہے،

لایحزن اﷲ ’’الحبیب‘‘ فانّنی

لآخذ من حالاتہ بنصیب

            مرنے والوں کے لئے دعائے مغفرت انسان کے غم کا علاج نہیں، لیکن اس کی روحانی تشفی کا باعث ہے، اللھم الحقھما بالرفیق الاعلے۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۱۷ء)

 

تأثير الفقر على حياة الشاعر الجاهلي: دراسة تحليلية

There is no doubt that poverty is one of the major phenomenon which destroys the entity of the human society and it is also one of the obstacles that prevents the ability and talent of humans to create and innovate in a suitable environment, it also causes the ignorance, mental and social tension, and it also desists human being to strengthen his family ties and make well settled position in the society, it affects adversely the life and mind of humans and forced him to commit crimes and violations in the society. We see that this phenomenon has affected the life of pre-Islamic poet and compelled him on raiding and robbery, so in this article we have tried to highlight the impact of poverty on the life of pre-Islamic poet.

A Study of the Developments in Monolingual Urdu Lexicography

The present study focuses on the developments in monolingual Urdu Lexicography. The main focus is on the developments in the megastructure and microstructure of the four major types of Urdu dictionaries categorized as: general purpose, pedagogical, LSP, and historical dictionaries. The research aims at finding out the developments in the inclusion of structural features in these dictionaries. The study examines and analyzes four types of dictionaries of Urdu based on four different check lists. The approach of documentary analysis is employed to carry out this descriptive type of research. To draw a checklist about the information in a dictionary, the studies of Bergenholtz & Tarp (1995), Hausmann and Wiegand (1989), Hartmann (1983, 2001), Bowker (2003), Jackson (2002), Landau (2001), Bejoint (2000) and Ahmad (2009) were taken into consideration. Different features of megastructure including contents, preface/introduction, user’s guide, list of abbreviations, pronunciation symbols, encyclopedic note, list of headwords (macrostructure), index, appendices, information label; and the features of microstructure including head word, spellings, pronunciation, inflections, word class, senses, definition/s, example/s, usage, cross reference, illustrations, run-ons, and etymology are used for analysis. The analysis reveals that general purpose, pedagogical and LSP dictionaries demonstrate no or least developments. They use limited outside matter, as they are deficient in providing the user’s guide, encyclopedic information and notes on language. In the back matter of pedagogical dictionaries, the list of defining vocabulary is not included. The information provided in microstructure of these dictionaries is also very vilimited. The technique of defining the headwords has not developed properly. Other related sections like the list of abbreviations, illustrations, and usage labels, are also missing in these types of dictionaries. However, the research reveals that the historical dictionaries have developed over the years. The compilers of the latest dictionary of this type have considered all the modern lexicographic needs of the users and have successfully brought the developments in the structure of the monolingual historical Urdu dictionaries.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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