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مسز سنہا

مسز سنہا

            مسٹر سنہا، ایڈیٹر ہندوستان ریویو (الہ آباد) کی زوجہ محترمہ مسز سنہا، جنھوں نے حال ہی میں وفات پائی ہے، اپنی وفات سے چند روز پیشتر وصیت نامہ تحریر کرگئی تھیں، جس کی رو سے ایک ایک لاکھ روپیہ لاہور، الہ آبا د اور پٹنہ کی یونیورسٹیوں کو پہنچنا ہے، لاہور او ر الہ آباد کی یونیورسٹیاں اس سرمایہ سے ایک ایک پروفیسر شپ قائم کریں گی اور پٹنہ یونیورسٹی میں اس سے ایک کتب خانہ و دارالمطالعہ قائم ہوگا۔ (ستمبر ۱۹۱۹ء)

عصرِ حاضر میں ضمان کی اہمیت و ضرورت

Almighty Allah commanded preserving the dignity of health and wealth of every Muslim. Islam too, emphasises protection of these very elements and guarantees protection of minority's rights in Muslim societies. This prohibits any one, who grabs the property of any other. Injunction of Holy Quran and hadith in this matter are very much clear, which are described in the following lines. The sacred shariah also issued severe punishment to siphon off the waye for these crimes against human dignity by maintaining fool proof surveillance at the doors of all such vulnerabilities. Even the Holy prophet, in his last surmon warned in these words: "Beware! Maintaining the dignity of your blood, property and respect is as important for you as the dignity of this month, this sity and this day (9th zilhaj). In the following discussion all these injunctions of Holy Quran and Hadith would be analyzed.

Imaging of Biological Tissues Using Diffuse Reflectance and Optical Coherence Tomography

The objective of this work was to investigate optical diffuse reflectance (ODR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) being an emerging technology in optical diagnostics. Both methodologies were implemented for measurements of optical properties and glucose levels respectively in biological tissues. The reduced scattering, absorption and total attenuation coefficients for rat‟s liver have been determined by using Mie-scattering theory, diffusion approximation equation and linear fitting to the normalized intensity. These optical parameters for normal and thermally coagulated chicken liver in the near infra red region were obtained by using Kubelka Munk Model (KMM) in correlation with diffuse reflectance. The results show a significant increase in these parameters after coagulation. Monte Carlo simulation for these results validates the experimental measurements. These optical parameters provide a base for extension of the work towards glucose monitoring in blood present in the blood vessels underneath skin. A subclass of OCT called swept source, SS-OCT was used in measurements of glucose levels in liquid phantoms and blood by analyzing temporal dynamics of scattered light. Brownian motion of the scatterers (polystyrene microspheres in phantoms and red blood cells in blood) is affected due to presence of glucose as measured by SS-OCT. The temporal analysis of Brownian motion statistics yielded the translational diffusion coefficient and viscosity of non-flowing and flowing fluids that were observed in good agreement with literature. The increase in glucose concentrations deformed red blood cells and caused rouleaux formations that were confirmed by imaging with inverted microscopes. The OCT method was successfully implemented for in vivo case scenario to obtain the translational diffusion coefficient in blood vessels. In case of in vivo application, speckle variance (SV)-OCT was used to obtain three dimensional high resolution cross- sectional imaging of blood vessels. This may be used to observe the blood viscosity modulation based changes in blood vasculatures. OCT probes for percutaneous coronary microstructures imaging have been discussed to be used for SV-OCT or Doppler OCT. This phantom and blood OCT study demonstrates the technique‟s ability to detect and quantify glucose presence in non-flowing and flowing liquid suspensions, and potential for in-vivo applications.
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