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ڈا کٹر احمد عبدالستار الجواری

ڈاکٹر عبدالستار الجواری
عربی زبان کے عاشق شیدائی اور اسلامی علوم خصوصاً قرآنیات کے خادم کی حیثیت سے ڈاکٹر احمد عبدالستار الجواری کا نام عرب کے علمی حلقوں میں تعارف کا محتاج نہیں۔ ۲۲؍ جنوری ۸۸؁ء کو وہ نماز جمعہ کی تیاری کررہے تھے کہ اچانک ان کا پیمانہ عمر لبریز ہوگیا، انتقال کے وقت ان کی عمر ۶۲، ۶۳ سال تھی اور وہ علم کے بام عروج پر پہنچے ہوئے تھے۔
وہ ۱۹۲۵؁ء میں بغداد کے قدیم تاریخی محلہ کرخ میں پیدا ہوئے، اس محلہ کے خانوادے اور گھرانے آج بھی قدیم عربی روایات و خصوصیات کے حامل ہیں، ڈاکٹر احمد نے بھی ایک شریف و معزز خاندان میں آنکھیں کھولیں، بی اے تک کی تعلیم بغداد میں حاصل کی اور طہ الراوی، مہدی البصیر، عبدالوہاب عزام اور زکی مبارک جیسے ممتاز اساتذہ سے استفادہ کیا، بعد میں قاہرہ سے ایم اے کیا وہاں ان کو طہ حسین، احمد امین، احمد الشائب، مصطفی السقا اور امین الخولی جیسے مشاہیر فضلا کی عنایات بھی حاصل رہیں۔ تعلیم کے بعد وہ عراق کی مختلف اعلیٰ تعلیمی و انتظامی ذمہ داریوں سے عہدہ برآ ہوتے رہے، ۱۹۷۹؁ء تک وہ کئی محکموں کے وزیر بھی رہے لیکن یہ انتظامی سرگرمیاں ان کی علمی و تحقیقی راہ میں کبھی حائل نہ ہوئیں، عالم عرب کے اہم سمیناروں اور باوقار علمی مجلسوں میں برابر شریک ہوتے رہے۔ ان کے مقالوں اور خطبوں میں عموماً اسلامیات اور امت عربی کے مسائل زیر بحث آتے جو علمی متانت و سنجیدگی کی وجہ سے بڑی توجہ سے سنے جاتے۔ ان علمی خدمات کے اعتراف میں ۶۵؁ء میں ان کو عراق کی المجمع العلمی کا رکن بنایا گیا، بعد میں وہ دمشق اور قاہرہ کی علمی اکیڈمیوں کے بھی رکن مقرر ہوئے، ۶۹؁ء میں عرب کی یونیورسٹیوں اور کالجوں کے اساتذہ کی انجمن اتحاد معلمین عرب...

Honour Killing in the Light of Islamic Law and Prevailed Customs in Pakistan

 Islamic law consists hundreds of rulings that encourages the trends and cultural norms of a society in one or other. Similarly, it also strongly confine such mannerisms and social traits, though considers righteous and good, which affect the order of society and may the cause of rights exploitation of any gender.  Sharia’s Teachings counts it illegitimate & unlawful. “Honour Killing” is one of the prevailed custom across the nation with different local names, extremely brutal act, violating not only sharia’s law but also the reflection of mercilessness and inhumanity. Regrettably, in Pakistan this awful deed is measured as an act of appreciation and is not only regarded likeable and acceptable but also considered a thing to be proud of.  This study mainly focus on highlighting the sharia’s rulings about the nature of Honour killings along with disclosing distractions extent of prevailed custom from the main stream of Islamic law coupled with emphasis on administrative loopholes of the conventional justice system of Government of Pakistan in this regard.

Child Labour: A Challenge for Universalization of Primary Education at District Bannu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Universalization of Primary Education and eradication of Child Labour are world’s common issues. There is a dire need to explore and search out the root causes of these two opponent issues those which reciprocate each other. This study tries to unveil all the visible and invisible forces behind these issues which not only hinder Universalization of Primary Education, but also escalate Child Labour. The main reasons for Child Labour in many countries including Pakistan and particularly in the 3rd world nations is lack of basic education which is mainly caused by poverty, lack of educational institutions, community participation, enrollment campaigns, location, socio-economic of the child’s family, family background, gender discrimination, high educational expenses and the dropouts due to teacher’s harsh behaviour. This study attempts to assess and search out the causes of Child Labour and its adverse impact on Universalization of Primary Education at District Bannu. Objectives of this study were: to explore the determinants of Child Labour and Universalization of Primary Education, to identify different factors responsible for Child Labour as perceived by parents of the Child Labourers, to find out different kinds of hurdles in the Universalization of Primary Education as experienced by Teachers and to analyze the impact of Child Labour on Universalization of Primary Education at District Bannu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was a blend of different methods for which exploratory sequential design (QUAL+QUAN) was applied by the researcher. The population of current study comprised all the parents or guardians of the total 992 Child Labourers and 2939 teachers teaching at primary level at District Bannu. The sample of the study for Qualitative phase comprised twenty participants for interview (10 male + 10 female Child Labourers). Similarly for Quantitative phase it consisted of 147 teachers and 100 parents/guardians of Child Labourers. For Qualitative data collection 20 open-ended interviews were conducted and for Quantitative data collection a self-developed questionnaire for teachers and a separate structured questionnaire for parents/guardians based on Qualitative findings were distributed among them to know their perceptions regarding Child Labour and Universalization of Primary Education. For Qualitative data analysis NVIVO (V-10) was used which provided determinants in the form of main themes. Similarly for Quantitative data analysis SPSS (V-24) supported by descriptive statistics in terms of percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation, while ANOVA, Correlation, Regression, Chi square and T-test was used as inferential statistics by the researcher. From the findings it was concluded that Child Labour which is mostly caused by poverty, teacher’s behaviour, child status, family status and location was a real and the biggest challenge for the Universalization of Primary Education. Therefore, it is recommended to the agencies and concerned high ups to eliminate Child Labour through effective implementation of universal compulsory primary education without any further delay.
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