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ہر غم ہنسی کے پیچھے چھپانے سے میں رہا

ہر غم ہنسی کے پیچھے چھپانے سے میں رہا
اس بار زندگی کو نبھانے سے میں رہا

دیتا بھلے ہے تیری جفا کا دھواں یہ اب
پھر بھی چراغ ِ عشق بجھانے سے میں رہا

اب ماند پڑ گئی ہیں مری سب حرارتیں
اس شخص کو تو روز منانے سے میں رہا

جن میں ہے تیرے لمس کی خوشبو بسی ہوئی
اے یار! اُن خطوں کو جلانے سے میں رہا

گر تیری شرط ہے کہ یہ حل ہوں گی اشک سے
ان مشکلوں پہ اشک بہانے سے میں رہا

ان سب اذیتوں نے تو پاگل ہی کر دیا
ہوش اپنے اب ٹھکانے پہ لانے سے میں رہا

حساسیت سے چیخ کے یہ کہہ رہا ہوں میں
گر یہ زمانہ ہے تو زمانے سے میں رہا

مانا کہ فہد ؔزندگی بھی ہے بہت کٹھن
پر آسماں تو سر پہ اُٹھانے سے میں رہا

Dengue Fever: A Continuous Threat

Dengue fever is a vector borne disease and is caused by DEN Virus. This virus has four different serotypes. The vectors are two mosquitoes known as Aedesaegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) and Aedesalbopictus(the Asian tiger mosquito).  First case of dengue fever was reported back in 1994 in Karachi. A complete outbreak of this epidemic shook the whole nation in 2012. Uptill now, Lahore a city full of culture, witnessed about 16,580 confirmed cases and 257 deaths. About 5000 confirmed cases with 60 deaths were reported from the rest of the provinces. Under guidelines of WHO, Government has made efforts to combat this epidemic. Although the overall efforts have minimized the outbreak on controllable levels but dengue fever is a continuous threat. Since no permanent cure is available, the transmission of DEN virus is controlled indirectly. So the prime focus is to control mosquito population and decrease the possible hot spots i.e. Mosquito breeding sites in human habitations. Every year, the country witnesses monsoon season which brings vast areas full of clear standing waters providing breeding sites for mosquitoes which ultimately leads to increased number of patients suffering from dengue fever. Efforts have been made to fight against dengue including formation of dengue wards in hospitals, vector surveillance, community education, reactive vector control etc. A study has shown prevalence of four mosquito genera in Pakistan including Aedes, Culex, Armigeresand Anopheles. All of the above mentioned genera are associated with disease transmissions as they are the vectors of different viruses and parasites. It is the need of hour to do a collaborative effort stressing the community mobilization and management in war against dengue.

Attitude of Teachers, Administrators and Policy Makers Towards Inclusive Education

This study was conducted to measure the attitude of teachers, administrators and policy makers towards inclusive education. It was conducted to achieve the following objectives: 1) to construct an attitude towards Inclusive Education Scale; 2) to measure attitude of representative sample of stake holders towards IE; 3) t o find out difference between the attitude of special education and regular education teachers; 4) to find out difference between the attitude of female and male teachers both in regular and special education; 5) to find out difference between the attitude of rural and urban respondents; 6) to find out difference among the attitude of teachers, administrators and policy makers. An intensive review of related literature covered the to topics such as concept of inclusive education, emergence of Inclusive Education, International initiatives of inclusive education, benefits of inclusive education, National commitments, barriers for inclusive education, reservations about inclusive education, attitude, factors influencing attitude about inclusive education. A five point Likert Scale instrument was developed for the study. A panel of experts examined the content validity of instrument. Analysis of the data showed reliability of the instrument was .79. Instrument was piloted and improved then it was administrated for data collection. The population of the study comprised all the teachers, administrators and policy makers working in the province of Punjab. A sample of the 590 respondents was selected randomly. As many as 432 teachers, 108 administrators and 50 policy makers were selected from both special education and regular education systems. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses of the sample and inferential statistics were used to compare the differences among the sample. Different comparisons were made during the analysis of data on following basis age, academic qualification, professional qualification, regular and special education, personal relation with persons with disability, experience of interaction with persons with disability, monthly income, mother tongue, gender, living area, administrative division, marital status, professional experience and profession. Findings of the research showed that objectives of the study have been achieved. It was concluded that teachers, administrators and policy makers had positive attitudes towards inclusive education.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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