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مشفق خواجہ

مشفق خواجہ
یہ خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ کراچی میں ۲۱، ۲۲؍ فروری کی درمیانی شب میں جناب مشفق خواجہ صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا، وہ اردو کے ممتاز محقق، نقاد، کالم نویس اور مزاح نگار تھے، خواجہ صاحب کو دل کی بیماری تھی، گزشتہ برس اس کا کامیاب آپریشن ہوا تھا، مگر پھر گردے کی تکلیف شروع ہوگئی جو بڑھتی گئی، انتقال سے ۴-۳ روز قبل طبیعت زیادہ خراب ہوگئی تو وہ اسپتال میں داخل کیے گئے جہاں انتقال ہوگیا، خواجہ صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا، انہوں نے اپنی ادبی، تنقیدی اور تحقیقی نگارشات سے اردو ادب میں اہم جگہ بنالی تھی، وہ بہت اچھے مزاح نگار بھی تھے۔ خامہ بگوش کے نام سے اس فن میں اپنا جوہر خوب دکھاتے تھے، مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بڑا لگاؤ تھا، ابھی دو برس پہلے اس کی اکثر کتابیں منگائیں تھیں، معارف بھی برابر ان کے مطالعہ میں رہتا تھا، ہندوپاک میں زرمبادلہ کی دشواری سے اہل علم کو بڑی پریشانی ہوتی ہے، معارف نہ ملنے سے خواجہ صاحب بھی بہت پریشان رہتے، اس کا علم جناب عبدالوہاب خاں سلیم صاحب کو ہوا تو وہ ان کا چندہ بھیجنے لگے اور تاکید کی کہ پیسے کی وجہ سے ان کا معارف نہ بند کیا جائے، اﷲ تعالیٰ خواجہ صاحب کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مارچ ۲۰۰۵ء)

کوئی دوسرا مشفق نہیں ہے
(ڈاکٹر رفیع الدین ہاشمی)
انسان اپنی خلقت اور سرشت میں گوناگوں آرزؤں، خواہشوں اور تمناؤں کا مرقع ہے اور اس کی پوری زندگی ان ہی تمناؤں اور آرزؤں کی تکمیل و تزئین میں گزر جاتی ہے، خاک کا یہ پتلا بالعموم خواہشات نفس کا اسیر رہتا ہے اور حیات مستعار کی پوری نقدی کھیل تماشوں میں صرف کردیتا ہے، زر و مال کی طلب اور...

فقه الوسطية عند الصحابة في العلاقات الإجتماعية

Moderation is the most distinguishing feature of Islām, which reigns all the matters and fields of the Muslim life. The Muslim nation is titled as the moderate one in the Qur’ān. It is therefore required that along with the Qur’ān and Sunnah, moderation should reflect through Islāmic jurisprudence, too, in the individual as well as the collective matters of Muslims. The author of this present study traces the roots of moderation in the collective matters of the first community of Muslims, i. E., the companions of the Prophet (SAW), who directly received the understanding of the Islām from the Prophet (SAW), therefore, they are the true examples to follow. The companions would consider the circumstances and situations to issue their jurisprudential verdicts. This is very much evident, especially, from the verdicts of the second caliph ‘Umar Ibn Khaṭṭāb. The companions would observe the principle of moderation to generate love and reverence for the religion Islām. If they had stuck stringently to mere rules and regulations, they would not have succeeded in the spread of Islām in the world. The author shows through their examples that how essential and significant it is to observe the principle of moderation while compiling jurisprudence and how to avoid exorbitance and stringency. To observe moderation needs a deep understanding of the true spirit of religion and great skills to practice it which the companions did have being the direct disciples of the Prophet (SAW). We need to follow their example without yielding to the whims of irreligious or secular modernity.

Estimation of Direction of Arrival for Adaptive Beamforming

Estimation of Direction of Arrival (DOA) of sources is a basic component of adaptive beamforming. The objective is to steer the main beam in the desired direction, while nulls are allocated in the direction of unwanted signals. It is an area of research which has got direct applications in radar, sonar, seismic exploration, mobile communication etc. Besides DOA estimation, amplitude, frequency and range are the other important parameters that need to be estimated. This dissertation is a contribution towards the above mentioned areas. These contributions are mainly divided into two parts. In first part, our contribution is to develop efficient schemes to jointly estimate the amplitude and DOA of the far field sources. Specifically, we have targeted the joint estimation of amplitude and 2-D DOA (elevation & azimuth angles) of far field sources impinging on 1-L and 2-L shape arrays. In the second part, we deal with near field sources impinging on uniform linear and centro-symmetric cross shape arrays. The basic tool applied to estimate these parameters are meta-heuristic or nature inspired algorithms, which are tailored and trained to solve the problem in hand. These techniques include Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm optimization, Differential evolution and Simulated Annealing. In order to improve the performance, the global search optimizers (meta-heuristic techniques) are hybridized with rapid local search optimization methods such as Pattern search, Interior point algorithm and Active set algorithm. We have used two fitness functions for the far field, as well as, for the near field sources. Initially, we have used Mean Square Error (MSE) as a performance evaluation criterion. This fitness function is based on maximum likelihood principle. The second fitness function is multi-objective, which is the combination of MSE and correlation between desired and estimated vectors after normalization. Both of the fitness functions are easy to implement and need a single snapshot to generate the results. They also avoid any ambiguity among the angles that are supplement to each other. The proposed hybrid schemes are compared with the individual responses of these algorithms and also with the traditional classical techniques available in the literature. The comparison parameters are chosen as the estimation accuracy, convergence, robustness against noise, MSE and proximity effects. To get the near optimum statistics, a large number of Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out for each scheme.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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