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فتح دین گلکارؔ

فتح دین گلکارؔ (۱۹۳۰ء۔۱۸۶۵ء) کا اصل نام فتح دین اور گلکار تخلص ہے۔ آپ پسرورمیں پیدا ہوئے۔ پسرور میں علمی و ادبی محفلوں میں شامل ہوتے رہے۔ عربی اردو اور فارسی پر عبور رکھتے تھے۔ اپنے دور کے پرگو شاعر تھے ان کا بہت سا کلام غیر مطبوعہ ہے جو مختلف شخصیات کے پاس بکھرا پڑا ہے۔ (۵۹)

ان کا بکھر ہوا کلام طبع کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔ راقم الحروف ان کا غیر مطبوعہ کلام بازیافت نہیں کر سکاہے ۔ گلکار کا ۲۵۶ صفحات پر مشتمل ایک شعری مجموعہ ہے جو نایاب ہے۔ یہ مجموعہ غزلیات اور قصائد پر مشتمل ہے۔ میجر ہارٹ کی مدح میں ایک قصیدہ ہے جو ۱۸۸۹ء کا لکھا ہوا ہے۔ قصیدے کا مطلع اور مقطع ملاحظہ ہو:

جو کہ ماری مدح کا دم کیا تجھے امکان ہے                         نارسا بے عقل کب تجھ سا کوئی نادان ہے    

ٹائم آمد عیسوی گلکارؔ یوں ہاتف کیا                               جیسے غیاثِ درد منداں حاتم دوران کیا          (۶۰)

آپ کے غیر مطبوعہ اور مطبوعہ دیوان مناجات‘ حمدیہ قصائد اور غزلیات پر مشتمل ہیں چند اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:

بسم اﷲ خاص منبع ہے سرقدیم کا                   مژدہ ہے اس میں الرحمن الرحیم کا              

حامد ہے کون حمد خدائے کریم کا                   عالم ہے کون حضرت علم علیم کا   

گلکارؔ کچھ خطر نہیں روزِ حساب کا                   تقویٰ ہے تجھ کو رحمت رب الرحیم کا            (۶۱)

۵۹۔         ڈاکٹر سلطان محمود حسین ،’’تاریخِ پسرور‘‘، ص:۲۹۶۔۲۹۷

۶۰۔         ایضاً ‘ ص: ۲۹۸

۶۱۔          ایضاً ‘ ص: ۲۹۹

 

The Risk of Developing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Integrated Health Care System of Pakistan-A Meta-Analysis

Studies regarding the prevalence of CLABSIs in Pakistan are limited. However, it is known that healthcare-associated infections are a concern in many low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. The present study is aimed to identify the relative risk of developing CLABSIs in the hospital care setups of Pakistan. The risk of biases in included studies was assessed using Cochrane tool parameters. Analysis of results revealed a relative risk of getting CLABSIs is 1.78 (p<0.001) among patients admitted in the hospitals for greater than 72 hours. This shows that the chances of getting infected at the central line site were more than 50% among patients admitted to ICUs in Pakistan. It has been concluded that the relative risk of CLABSIs in the integrated healthcare system of Pakistan is high.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/003  

Idiosyncratic Risk and Expected Return of Portfolio Investment Evidence from Stock and Commodity Markets of Pakistan

The central theme of this research study is related with the role of idiosyncratic risk in commodity and stock returns of Pakistan being emerging markets of the world. In the framework of asset pricing, literature suggests that idiosyncratic risk is independent to the specific assets therefore it has no role in explaining the returns. However, modern portfolio theory suggests that in under diversified portfolio, idiosyncratic risk has the positive relationship with stock returns, while the negative association of idiosyncratic risk has also been reported by different scholars. To settle this conflict through Pakistani context, the current study investigates the role of idiosyncratic risk empirically in these two financial markets. Stock market is divided into two sectors i.e. financial sector including returns of financial companies and non-financial sector comprising data of non-financial companies. The daily and monthly data are taken from January 2005 to 2016 for analysis. For commodity market of Pakistan which is totally independent from stock market, separate daily data set is taken from 2011 to 2016. As the data is of quantitative in nature therefore various statistical tools are applied for this purpose. Cross sectional regression is used for testing the association between expected conditional idiosyncratic risk and returns. Conditional idiosyncratic risk is estimated through Egarch model for both markets. The empirical results showed that conditional idiosyncratic risk and return of non-financial, financial and commodity returns has significant positive relationship after controlling the different factors such as value, momentum and size etc. whereas the lag idiosyncratic risk has no relationship with returns of stocks and commodities. The empirical evidence confirms the findings of previous studies. In the end it is suggested that investors can develop profitable portfolio after considering the idiosyncratic risk.
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