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گل سنا غزالاں والی

گل سنا غزالاں والی
اس محبوب دی چالاں والی
ہن محبوب کدی نہیں ملدے
پئی جدائی سالاں والی
پرینہہ دی گل سارے سن گئے
کیتی گل کمالاں والی
اکھ ترکھی پلکاں سوئیاں
صورت سوہنی لعلاں والی
کیتیاں آخر اگے آئیاں
آئی گھڑی زوالاں والی

Selfhood and Creativity in Taufiq Rafat’s “Reflections”

Reconstruction of selfhood is a central theme of post-colonial writers. They strived hard to decolonize their lost identity through creative works. They consider revival of selfhood an elemental source for creative consciousness. It is a base for developing a pure creative thinking. In fact, a desire for reshaping selfhood and identity gave birth to post-colonial writings. Frantz Fanon emphasized on the need of complete rejection of colonial influence in order to attain autonomous self. He lays this responsibility of reviving selfhood on writers and most importantly on poets as they enjoy direct access to masses. Pakistani post-colonial writers particularly poets also tried to revive their splendid self through their writings. Taufiq Rafat coined “Pakistani idiom” to entitle a distinguished identity to Pakistani literary world as well as its dazzling culture. He sublimed Pakistani culture through his influential works. The present study also focuses on Taufiq Rafat‘s efforts to recover selfhood and a distinguished creative expression through his seminal poem “REFLECTIONS”. The analytical framework is borrowed from Fanon’s notion of reviving selfhood for autonomous expression by rejecting the colonial influence and by meticulously concentrating on indigenous culture. The close study of a poem ‘Reflections’ will highlight distinguished Pakistani culture and identity. It will also open new vistas for young researchers to explore in the area of selfhood and creative expression.

Analytical Analysis of Squeezing Flows

This thesis covers the investigation of axisymmetric squeezing flows under slip and no slip boundary conditions. In the process, the flow of a fluid in a porous medium between two parallel plates approaching each other symmetrically has also been studied. The stream functions u r ( r , z , t ) = 1 ¶ y 1 ¶ y and u z ( r , z , t ) = - r ¶ z r ¶ r and the transformation function y ( r , z ) = r 2 F ( z ) were used to transfer the Navier-Stockes equations into an ordinary nonlinear differential equation along with the boundary conditions. To solve these nonlinear problems, different analytical methods that are; the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), the new iterative method (NIM), the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) and the differential transform method (DTM) are applied and velocity profiles for various parameters of Newtonian fluids are obtained. The velocity of plates and its effects on fluid velocity are established. The above mentioned methods are based on Taylor’s series but their line of action is different and one may face serious problems of convergence in their application. In this case, the convergence of the approximating series solution is discussed and the mathematica built-in code NDSolve is used to validate the results of analytical solutions. The results show that OHAM gives a better approximation under the conditions on which the research is premised.
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