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حمدیہ

اے خالقِ حقیقی ہویدا ہے تیرا نام
وردِ زباں ہے تو کہ جلیسا ہے تیرا نام
زخموں کا اندمال ہے ایسا ہے تیرا نام
یعنی مداوا رنج و الم کا ہے تیرا نام
واحد ہے، لاشریک ہے، یکتا ہے صرف تو
تیرے سوا نہیں کوئی مولا ہے صرف تو

یکتا صفات و ذات میں تو اور صرف تو
پختہ ہر ایک بات میں تو اور صرف تو
رہتا ہے دن میں، رات میں تو اور صرف تو
بچتا ہے کیا ثبات میں؟ تو اور صرف تو
بس تو ہی لم یزل بھی ہے اور لا یزال بھی
تیری مثال کیا ہو کہ ہے بے مثال بھی

بخشا ہے تو نے ہی مجھے ایقانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری ولا سے پایا ہے عرفانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری عطا نے بخشا ہے ایمانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیرا ہے یعنی سب سروسامانِ حسنِ ذوق
تو نے کیا ہے ذہن کو بیدار اے خدا
اس پہ کرم کہ کر دیا سرشار اے خدا

مقاصد شریعت کا تصور اور ان کا اطلاق

According to Islamic Jurists the main objectives, or purpose of Islamic Law (Shariah) are the preservation of faith, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth. These five purposes are designated as necessities of life and these are the primary purposes of the Shariah (Islamic Law). Protection of faith is the first and foremost objective of the Islamic Law as the Quran clearly mentions worship of Allah as the purpose of creation of human being.  Protection of life is the second purpose and according to Islamic teachings human life is sacred. The Quran clearly forbids taking human life of a person without justification. Protection of Intellect is the third purpose as human being has been given superiority over other creatures by virtue of intellect and reason. A Person with sound mind and intellect can think, act, react well, this is why Islam prohibits all kinds of intoxicants because they are harmful and may disturb faculty of reasoning. Protection of Progeny is the fourth purpose as Islam emphasizes on the establishment of lawful relationship between man and woman. It is the foundation for the establishment of a value-based society. Islam considers unlawful relation harmful for individuals and community. This is the reason that Islam prohibits adultery. Protection of wealth is the fifth purpose and the Islamic teachings’ emphasis on acquisition of wealth by lawful means. While the Quran enjoins that one should not earn wealth by unlawful means.  These dharurat (necessities are followed by the hajat (needs) and thasinat (complementary values). However the scope of these purposes goes beyond them and they include protection of civilization, culture, establishing peace, harmony, security, elimination of violence, maintenance of equality, and so on.  In this article all these five kinds of dharurat (necessities) have been elaborated while in the last portion a review has been carried out for their relevance and implementation in the contemporary era.

Improving Teachers Performance Appraisal Through Participatory Action Research

The study explored teacher performance appraisal and the potential benefits of appraisal as a mechanism for improving existing performance of teachers to collaboratively implement changes that lead to improve practice. The purpose of this Participatory Action Research (PAR) was to improve the existing documents and practices of teacher performance appraisal system and practices at a Community Based High School (CBS) in Karachi through collaboratively involving the principal and teachers in a systematic process of improvement. The research was qualitative in nature using PAR model as suggested by Kemmis and Mc Taggart (2000). This PAR model provided opportunities of constantly evaluating the teaching and learning strategies and their implementation in a real setting. The data of the study was collected through interviews, classroom-observations and feedback processes, assessments tools, field notes, reflection of research participants and document analysis to obtain empirical evidence of existing practices and perceptions. The findings were processed through data analysis by arranging data systematically and breaking it into units through coding, in order to meaning making of the data. The findings of research revealed that the awareness about the appraisal system and process is indispensable to improving the practices and understanding of the teachers. Moreover, it emerged from the findings that timely feedback, involvement, trainings and evaluation of set targets acted as cornerstones to improve the practice and process of the appraisal system. The findings reveal that the awareness training programmes regarding appraisal system enhance the knowledge and skills of teachers if the appraisal documents are understood by the teachers. Further research revealed that involvement of teachers in developing appraisal documents creates a sense of ownership, and this feature helps to improve the practices. The two purposes of appraisal, i.e. accountability and professional development, may not be segregated from each other at CBS; however, the focus of appraisal system shifted from accountability to professional development. This study holds significance for various audiences directly or indirectly, such as CBS where I carried out this research, and my own organization which I work for. The study could help in strengthening the appraisal system and process and it could also enable principals in further improving their appraisal system and practices. The recommendations that have come from this research are that school leadership should involve the teachers in making policies and procedures so that the teachers feel ownership of the appraisal system. The process of appraisal should be strategies in such a
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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