آغا شورش کاشمیری
مولانا محمد میاں کے ماتم میں ابھی اشک غم دیدۂ پُرنم میں خشک بھی نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ اچانک لاہور سے آغا شورش کاشمیری کے انتقال پرملال کی خبرملی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا۔اردو صحافت و جزنلزم کی تاریخ میں دبستان ظفر علی خاں نے پنجاب میں ارباب قلم اوراصحاب شعرو ادب کی جو ایک نہایت عظیم الشان اور نامور نسل پیداکی ہے، مرحوم اس کے گل سرسبد تھے۔نوعمری میں ہی قومی اور ملی تحریکات میں سرگرمی اورجوش کے ساتھ عملاً شریک ہوجانے کے باعث تعلیم کبھی ڈھنگ سے نہیں پائی اورنہ اس کی تکمیل کی لیکن تحریر وتقریر کاملکہ خداداد تھا، مولانا ظفر علی خاں،سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اوردوسرے زعمائے مجلس احرار نے اس کو جلا دی، نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ اردوزبان کے منفرد صحافی،ادیب،بلندپایہ زودگوشاعر اورشعلہ بیان خطیب و مقرر بن گئے۔ان کو نثرونظم دونوں پربلا کی قدرت تھی اوردونوں میں خطابت کا رنگ جھلکتاتھا، اس اعتبار سے ان کے عبقری ہونے میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہے۔ ان اوصاف وکمالات کے ساتھ اگر ان میں مصلحت پسندی بھی ہوتی توان کے لیے کیا کچھ نہیں تھا لیکن انھوں نے اصحاب دارورسن کی راہ اختیار کی اوراس جوش وجذبہ کے ساتھ کہ عمرعزیز کاایک بڑاحصہ قیدوبند میں گزارنا پڑا۔ابھی چند ماہ پہلے اُن کامحبت نامہ جواڈیٹر برہان کے نام آیاتھا اس میں بڑی حسرت سے لکھا تھا:’’اس قید وبندنے مجھے کہیں کا نہیں رکھا اورمجھ میں کچھ نہیں رہا، تمناہے کہ زندگی میں ایک بار آپ کواوردیکھ لوں۔‘‘کیاخبر تھی کہ مرحوم کایہ آخری خط ہے، ورنہ اس کے جواب میں مکتوب الیہ خودلاہور پہنچنے کی کوشش کرتا۔یہ عجب شرط دوستی ووفاداری ہے اے دوست کہ ادھریہ تمنا اورادھر یہ بے رخی کہ
جاتے ہوئے کہتے ہو قیامت کو ملیں گے
کیاخوب قیامت کاہے گویا کوئی دن اور
مولانا ابوالکلام آزاداور مولانا حفظ...
Before the prophecy of Prophet (S. A. W) the overall state of Arabs was so spoilt that even it was impossible for pedagogue and rectifier to show them the right path because it was not merely the matter of rectification of faith or preaching of right path neither to make them get rid of false beliefs nor to ameliorate the society. For the fulfilment of such type of rectification the preachers and guides are always there in the society and the reparation continues or carries on. The real muddle was to eliminate the arrogance and detrimental idolism which was so incessant generation to generation in the long run that the preaching and teaching of Prophet and the endeavor of guides were ineffective for them. It was the need of time to establish such type of shelter in which people of world could refuge in it. The remedy of this issue to bring into existence such type of human who was entirely different from the primitive human being. So Holy prophet (S. A. W) came as reformist. There are many golden aspects of prophet’s (S. A. W) reformation in a society, Makk life is also one of them. It is not only changed and revolutionized the whole of the human history but also changed political, social and moral scenario of world. Methodology which our Holy prophet adopted it was the first Methodology that respected and valued human wisdom along with being on right path. In this article the same view point has been discussed. The following are the main points: 1. Preacher’s conformity in words and deeds. 2. Clear mandate to set the target. 3. Perseverance to achieve the set goal. 4. The best policy for the betterment of society. 5. The key points for the leadership.
The insecticidal efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, diatomaceous earth SilicoSec and a new chemistry insecticide thiamethoxam was evaluated in various laboratory bioassays as well in on farm trials against one of the major stored grain insect species Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Initially, the temporospatial distribution and seasonal patterns of R. dominica were studied in two types of storage structures i.e. mud bins and steel bins. Followed by laboratory bioassays conducted to investigate the effect of dose rate, grain type, insect population (strain), exposure interval and storage period on the insecticidal effectiveness of all three control measures against the test insect species. The findings of the current studies revealed that the densities of R. dominica were higher in mud bins as compared to steel bins and the numbers of beetles were low immediately after bins were filled in July, peaked in August, declined to almost zero in January and remained at low levels until end of March. In laboratory bioassays, when DE was combined with thiamthoxam, individually the thiamethoxam was more effective compared with DE alone. Significant differences in adult mortality were also recorded among grains and populations tested when DE was used with B. bassiana and the combined use of DE and B. bassiana considerably increased adult mortality as compared with their individual application. The residual effectiveness of all three test substances was decreased over the 9 months of storage period and the maximum mortality was observed in the combination of DE with thiamethoxam but on the other hand, the maximum rate of mycosis and sporulation in the cadavers of R. dominica was observed where B. bassiana was applied alone at the lowest dose rate. During on farm trials, the least number of surviving adults, minimum percent grain damage was observed for DE, insecticide combination but DE with B. bassiana provided the long-term protection as compared with the remaining treatments.