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قرآنی استفہامی اسلوب کے مقاصد

۹قرآنی استفہامی اسلوب کے مقاصد

قرآن مجید میں خدا اور مخلوق کے تعلق کو واضح کرنے کے لئے انسانی زبان میں سے زیادہ تر الفاظ بطور انداز بیان، مصطلحات اور استعارے استعمال کئے گئے ہیں ، یہی وجہ ہے کہ اس کا اسلوب بیان بھی انسانی فکر و نظر اور ذوق سلیم کے مطابق ہے۔ یعنی قرآن مجید کا یہ منفرد اندازِ بیان ہر نفس کو فرداً فرداً یکساں طور پر متاثر کرتا ہے اور پڑھتے وقت یہی باور کراتا ہے کہ قرآن اس کے قلب پر نازل ہو رہا ہے۔ قرآن مجید کے مختلف اسالیب کی طرف خود اللہ تعالیٰ نے ارشاد فرما یا :

"نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ اَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِمَآ اَوْحَيْنَـآ اِلَيْكَ هٰذَا الْقُرْاٰنَ" ۔[[1]]

" (اے محمدؐ) ہم اس قرآن کو تمہاری طرف وحی کر کے بہترین پیرائے میں واقعات اور حقائق تم سے بیان کرتے ہیں"۔

قرآن حکیم کو دینی فیوض و برکات کے ساتھ ساتھ زبان و بیان اور منفرد اسلوب کے لحاظ سے بھی دنیائے علم و ادب میں غیر معمولی عظمت و بڑائی کا شرف حاصل ہے اور کفار‘ منکرین حق اور مشرکین کے فصحا و حکماء نور حق سے نابینا اور لذت و وحدت سے ناآشنا ہونے کے باوجود قرآن مجید فرقان حمید کی ادبی لسانی خوبیوں کا اعتراف کرنے پر مجبور ہو گئے تھے۔تاریخی شواہد سے یہ بات واضح ہوجاتی ہے کہ قرآن کریم کے نزول کے بعد بڑے بڑے ادباء وشعراء کی زبانوں پرمہر لگ گئی۔ اس کی ایک عمدہ مثال جاہلی دور کے شاعر معلقات لبید بن ربیعہ ہے جس کے شعروں پر اس کے معاصرین نے کئی بار سجدۂ تہنیت کیا اور اُسے خراج تحسین سے نوازا، اور وہی شاعر...

Booster Dose of COVID 19 and Ethical Issues

COVID 19 is a recent and global pandemic. Preventive medicine is not very popular in Pakistan. With the limited resources, an average Pakistani would spend on a medical treatment rather than on a preventive drug. In Pakistan, booster shots are recently made available only to those who can pay for the cost of the vaccine. A Utilitarian approach has been adopted at various levels since the pandemic emerged by health care organizations and the government. The purpose was to maximize the benefits and minimize the risk of harm. It is the need of the hour to think about health equity and justice in a pluralistic way and refrain from initiating booster shots for elite of a resource-poor country. This pandemic will never end if a maximum number of people are not vaccinated in each country. This is only possible if there is an equitable distribution of vaccines.

Development of a Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Ocb : A Comparative Study of University Teachers from a Developing and a Developed Country

Extra-role behavior also called organizational citizenship behavior is critical for organizational effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an integrated model of organizational citizenship behavior based on the framework of organizational effectiveness suggested by Katz (1964) in the specific context of university teachers. The study is specifically aimed at finding the individual and joint direct and indirect effect of human resource management practices (HRP) and transformational leadership style (TSF) on affective organizational commitment (AC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of university teachers in Pakistan (developing country) and England (developed country). No other study has modeled these variables together. Data was collected through mailed and self-administered questionnaires consisting of standardized scales. Two samples of university teachers, one from Pakistan (n=402) and other from England (n=188), based on complex probability sampling were used in the study. One-way ANOVA was used to find the association of demographic factors (public and private nature of university, designation, qualification, tenure, gender, marital status and age) with affective commitment and citizenship behavior of university teachers. It was found that most of demographic characteristics caused significant variation in both affective commitment and citizenship behavior of teachers in both Pakistan and England. Correlation analysis showed significant positive associations among all four study variables. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to find direct effect of predictors (HRP and TSF) on mediating (AC) and dependent (OCB) variables and indirect effect of predictors on dependent variable with mediation of affective commitment both jointly and individually. It was found that HRP and TSF have significant direct effects on both AC and OCB in Pakistan and England individually as well as jointly. AC is also significantly related to OCB in both Pakistan and England but variation explained by AC in OCB in England is substantially higher than in Pakistan. AC is also found perfectly mediating the relationship between both predictors and OCB in all three cases (1. HRP-AC-OCB, 2. TSF-AC-OCB, 3. HRP,TSF-AC-OCB) in England while in Pakistan mediation of AC is just partial in all of these cases. Results have been discussed in the light of past studies and implications for managers and researchers have also been suggested.
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