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رفیع احمد قدوائی

رفیع احمد قدوائی
رفیع احمد قدوائی مرحوم کی موت ہندوستان کا اتنا بڑا قومی حادثہ ہے کہ اس کی تلافی مدتوں نہ ہوسکے گی، کم از کم مسلمانوں میں ان کا بدل پیدا ہونا دشوار ہے ان کی صحت عرصہ سے خراب تھی، قلب کے دورے پڑتے تھے، ڈاکٹر برابر ان کو آرام کرنے کی تاکید کرتے تھے، مگر انھوں نے کام کے مقابلہ میں کبھی اپنی صحت کی پروا نہ کی اور میدان جنگ میں لڑتے ہوئے سپاہی کی طرح قوم و ملک کا کام کرتے کرتے اس راہ میں جان تک دے دی، موت و زندگی کا تماشہ کوئی عجیب چیز نہیں، روزانہ ہوتا رہتا ہے اور بڑے بڑے صاحب وجاہت بھی مرتے رہتے ہیں، مگر ان کی موت کا عام خلق پر کوئی اثر نہیں پڑتا، اور ایک خاص دائرہ تک محدود رہتا ہے، مگر انسانی بڑائی کے نمونوں کی موت سے ایک دنیا متاثر ہوتی ہے رفیع مرحوم دنیادی وجاہت کے ساتھ اخلاق و سیرت اور انسانیت و شرافت کے لحاظ سے بھی بہت بڑے آدمی تھے اور ان کے فیض سے ایک عالم مستفیض ہوتا تھا، اس لیے ان کی موت دنیائے انسانیت کا حادثہ ہے اور ان کے ساتھ بہت سی خوبیاں دفن ہوگئیں۔
وہ اپنے بہت سے اوصاف اور خصوصیات میں فرد تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی ملک و قوم کی بے لوث خدمت میں گزری اور اس راہ میں بڑی قربانیاں کیں، وہ ہندوستان کے جہاد آزادی کے سرفروش مجاہد، میدان سیاست کے بے نظیر مدیر، قلم مملکت کے بے مثل منتظم تھے، ان کے تدبر کا لوہا مخالفین تک مانتے تھے، اور حکومت کے جو انتظامی کام بڑے بڑوں سے نہ ہوسکے ان کو انھوں نے تنہا کرکے دکھا دیا، ان کی زندگی ذاتی اغراض و فوائد کے داغ سے بالکل پاک تھی، اپنے عہدے سے کبھی ذاتی...

Development Discourse and Womens Empowerment in Sindh

This research paper investigates and introduces the idea of development discourse and women empowerment question in Sindh. Based on the investigation and analysis of the writings by Sindhi intelligentsia in the Sindhi print media and book publications that present the discourse of development, progress, prosperity, and social change in Sindh, in this paper we engage with and call attention to the question of women empowerment. By integrating women empowerment and rights in this paper, we aim to set the research agenda and draw attention to gender and development theory and practice. In a way, this paper takes up and supports the gender-sensitive research approach to development discourse, public policy, and planning in Pakistan. It prioritizes gender and women's empowerment framework in research, teaching, and development practice.

Significance of School Leadership in Behaviour Management of Students

Behaviour management of students is an important aspect of school life and an integral component of the leadership practice of the school leaders. The behaviour of students reflects the school's norms, culture and priorities where the school leadership plays its vital role in formulating strategies aimed at institutionalizing the desired set of behaviours. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of school leadership on behaviour management of the students. It further aimed at investigating the views of the teachers and students about the school leadership's influence on behaviour management of the students. Precisely speaking it intended to investigate how and to what extent does school leadership influences students' behaviour management in a private secondary school of Karachi. Within a framework of a case study design, data was collected in two phases. In the first phase, the influence of school leadership on student behaviour management was explored through semi-structured interviews from the school leadership, observation and document analysis. Based on the themes generated in the first phase, a survey questionnaire was developed and administered to the entire teaching staff of the secondary section and to a group of randomly selected students, to understand their views about school leadership's influence on students' behaviour management. This study explored that school leadership influences students' behaviour through initiating and maintaining various policies and procedures. They enact certain support mechanisms both for students and teachers with regards to student behaviour management. The school leadership involves parents and maintains certain procedures of awards for encouraging positive behaviours and consequences for discouraging negative behaviours. They also considerably influence students' behaviour through their own personal practices. This study can prove beneficial to the participating school as well as to other school leaders in understanding how they can manage their students' behaviour. Furthermore, it may help them in knowing teachers' and students' perceptions on the effectiveness of these strategies. The findings of this study may provide useful insights for the teacher educators in planning and designing teacher and school leadership training programmes in the area of student behaviour management.
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