Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

30. Al-Rum/The Byzantines

30. Al-Rum/The Byzantines

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

30:01
a. Alif. Lam. Mim.

30:02
a. The Byzantines have been defeated,

30:03
a. in the nearby land,
b. yet after their defeat, they will be victorious once again over their Persian enemy…..

30:04
a. within a few years -
b. for their affair belongs to Allah - The One and Only God - from beginning to end,
c. and at that time of victory, the believers will celebrate -

30:05
a. It all happens with Allah’s help.
b. HE Helps whoever HE Wills to victory,
c. for HE is The Almighty, The Ever-Compassionate.

30:06
a. This is the firm Promise of Allah,
b. and Allah never breaks HIS Promise,
c. even though most people do not understand it.

30:07
a. They only understand what is apparent in this worldly life,
b. but they are oblivious of the realm of the Hereafter.

30:08
a. Would they never contemplate within themselves so as to emerge from their oblivion?
b. Allah did not create the celestial realm and the terrestrial world, and whatever is between
and beyond them, except in truth, and for a specified term.
c. Even so, many people are disbelievers in the Meeting with their Rabb - The Lord.

30:09
a. Have they never traveled around the world and visited the archaeological sites and seen the fate of those civilizations who were before them?
b. In fact, they were even more powerful than them - such as ‘Ad, Thamud, and Tubba’, and

سیاسی اضطرابی صورتحال کا جائزہ اور اس کا حل: سیرۃ نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں

Pakistan is an Ideological country, there are only two ideological states in the world. First one was Madinah (Saudi Arabia) and the second one is Pakistan. Political situation in our country is worst. There is no any stability in political situation. From its existence Pakistan is facing different problems and issues. In this research article, will try to draw reasons and will table solutions to get political stability in Pakistan.

Seismicity of Pakistan and Formulation of Attenuation Relationship

This study is two pronged. Firstly, it analyses the recorded seismic data in order to ascertain the nature of seismogenic sources. Secondly, it focuses on the development of an empirical attenuation relationship for the study area (northern part of Pakistan). The analysis of seismic data demonstrates that the area has substantial potential to generate frequently low to moderate seismicity originating from relatively shallow crustal depth. The magnitude (ML) of the major earthquakes included in this study ranged 5.0-7.0. The Kohat (ML= 6.0), Astor Valley (ML= 6.2) and Kaghan Valley (ML= 5.6) earthquakes collectively inflicted around 100 fatalities, left 250 people injured and made around 2000 people homeless. However, Fatehjang (ML= 5.3) and Mangla (ML= 5.0) earthquakes caused no human casualty. Focal mechanism solutions of the Kaghan Valley and Kohat earthquakes suggested that the earthquakes were predominantly due to thrust faults, striking NNW-SSE and E-W, dipping 510 and 200 towards NE and N respectively, with minor strike slip component. The solutions agreed well with the nature of seismogenic sources. Similarly, fault plane solution indicated that Mangla earthquake was also owing to thrust, striking E-W and gently dipping towards N. In contrary, focal mechanism solutions for Astor Valley and Fatehjang earthquakes demonstrated that these earthquakes were caused by normal thrust faults, striking NE-SW and NNW-SSE, dipping 620 and 510 towards NW and NE, respectively. The solutions did not match with the nature of the faults causing these earthquakes. However, more seismic data are required to find a plausible explanation of that mismatch. The intensity maps of these earthquakes indicated intensity (MMI) in the range of V-VIII. The Muzaffarabad earthquake of magnitude (ML) 7.0 was however extremely devastating. Death toll was around 75000, injured people were 100,000 and around four million were displaced. Post earthquake seismicity included 6330 earthquakes within first month, 296 of which had magnitude (ML) greater than 4.0. Aftershocks were distributed over a length of 120 Km and were mostly concentrated in the northern extent of the Kashmir Thrust. Focal mechanism solutions demonstrated that Muffarabad earthquake was predominantly due to thrust, striking NNW-SSE and steeply dipping NE, with minor strike slip component. The solutions coincided well with slip nature of Kashmir Thrust. The intensity map showed remarkably high intensity up to XI. An attenuation relationship was developed for the study area. A comparison of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values assimilated by using newly developed relationship and observed PGA values for earthquakes of 7.6, 6.4 and 5.0 magnitude showed a good agreement between the observed and assimilated PGA values. However, new relationship slightly overestimated the near field PGA values for earthquakes of magnitude 7.6. This discrepancy may be due to the possible site nonlinearity effects and dearth of near field high quality strong motion data, especially pertaining to earthquakes of greater magnitude. Likewise, a comparison of PGA values predicted by the new relationship and other relationships with observed PGA values for earthquakes of 7.6, 6.4 and 5.0 magnitude demonstrated better fit between the observed PGA values and values assimilated by the new relationship. This suggested the viability of newly developed attenuation relationship to predict peak ground acceleration for earthquakes of wider range magnitude and longer source to seismic station distances.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.