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راستوں نے کیا آج مجھ پر عیاں

راستوں نے کیا آج مجھ پر عیاں
فہدؔ رکتے نہیں منزلِ شوق میں

سیرت طیبہ کے تناظر میں پختون خواتین کی موجودہ معاشرت کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Women play a role of paramount importance in the establishment of a distinctive nature of society. Women in Pakhtūn society are regarded with respect and piety. Pakistanis in general and Pakhtūn nation in particular can tolerate monetary losses, owing to their women but they cannot tolerate immoral and disgraceful events attached with their women (mothers, sisters, wives, and daughters) which most often become a reason for the domestic enmities and hostilities. In this article, efforts were made to answer the questions; that whether the different aspects of female lives have been treated according to the teachings of Sīrah or religion is used only as a weapon to suppress them and snatch their rights. The purpose of the study was to investigate the social issues of women from birth related ceremonies, assigning names, training and education, marriage, life after marriage and heredity related issues to their domestic routine issues and how to solve these issues in the light of teachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H)? Furthermore, suggestions were given to make these solutions more effective and easy to be implemented in our society.

New Matrix Development for the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Maldi for the Analysis of Biomolecules and Metabolites Profiling of Oral Cancer for Biomarker Search

This dissertation comprises of seven chapters. First chapter summarizes the brief introduction of matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), its theory, applications, and significance in small molecule analyses. The second chapter summarizes the brief introduction of the development of metabolomics in omics sciences with relevance to oncology. While third chapter includes the oral cancer pathogenesis, classification, and its associated biomarkers. Fourth chapter is based on the possible increment in MALDI-MS sensitivity by increasing the ion generation via use of dopants in MALDI-MS matrices. These dopants constitute commonly used dyes, along with conventional MALDI-MS matrices which can significantly increase the ion intensity of standard proteins. Moreover, such effect remains consistent when applied to real samples (RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 6598–6604). Fifth chapter describes the successful application of 31 compounds of acylhydrazide, and isatin Schiff bases as alternate UV-LDI matrices for the analyses of peptides (<2000 Da) with significantly low background signals and showed comparable results with the conventional matrix (AJAC, 2012, 3, 779-789). Chapter six focused on the identification of distinguished metabolites of oral cancer tissue samples in comparison with precancerous and control tissue samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometric analyses. Metabolites obtained were identified through National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mass spectral (Wiley registry) library. Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) software was used for the alignment and for all the statistical analyses. 31 compounds out of 735 found distinguishing among oral cancer, precancerous and control group samples using p-value ≤ 0.05. The sensitivity and specificity of built model was found to be 85.7% and 93.3%, respectively, using statistically significant metabolites (Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, 38985-38993). Last chapter of the dissertation based on the distinctive identification of metabolites of oral cancer, snuff dippers and healthy plasma samples using GC-MS and chemometric analyses. Metabolites obtained were identified through NIST mass spectral library. MPP software was used for the data pretreatment and statistical analyses. 29 compounds were found distinguishing among oral cancer, snuff dippers and healthy group samples using p-value ≤ 0.001 and fold change ≥3. PLSDA model was generated using statistically significant metabolites which gave an overall accuracy of 89.2% (Submitted in Head & Neck).
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