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نہیں پچھیا حال بیماراں دا

نہیں پچھیا حال بیماراں دا
لگ پتا گیا غم خواراں دا

ایتھے کون بہادر آگئے نیں
ہویا کھڈّا منہ تلواراں دا

مینوں ہار کدے نہیں آسکدی
ہے صدقہ پنجاں تے باراں دا

میری گل نکی جئی سن جانا
جد موڈ ہووے سرکاراں دا

مینوں آس اللہ دی رحمت تے
جیہڑا والی کل سنساراں دا

ہووے لکھ کروڑ سلام نبیؐ
جیہڑا وارث اوگنہاراں دا

جیہڑا حسب نسب وچ ارفع ہے
ہے ارفع شاہ اسواراں دا

اوہدی قبر نوں اگاں لگیاں نیں
انجام ایہو غداراں دا

جے یار دا حلیہ پچھنا ایں
جا ویکھ لے رنگ اناراں دا

روندا چھڈ کے مینوں ٹر گئے نیں
بھرواسہ کی اعتباراں دا

پئی اڈ دی دھوڑ میخانے وچ
رنگ اڈیا رند مے خواراں دا

Association of Serum Ferritin with Risk of Anemia in Non-Diabetic Adolescents with Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Controversy occurs in the relationship between serum ferritin levels, insulin resistance and risk of developing anemia in adolescents with family history of diabetes. Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to find out the association between serum ferritin levels with risk of developing anemia in non-diabetic adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in a local medical institute of Lahore. Study included 50 non-diabetic, non-obese male / female adolescent with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy male/female non-obese adolescents without family history of T2DM considered as controls. Level of serum ferritin and serum insulin was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Blood glucose was estimated by auto-analyzer. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index and beta cell function was assessed by HOMA- beta index. Results: Levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance were found to be increased with decreased level of serum ferritin and decrease beta cell function in both male as well as female cases as compared to controls. Negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and insulin resistance while a positive correlation was found between serum ferritin and beta cell function. Conclusions: Low level of serum ferritin is associated with reduced beta cell function and increased insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia that can affect both immune system as well as increase susceptibility to infections.

Varieal Evaluation and Quality Enhancement of Cut Tulips by Exogenous Application of Growth Promoting Substances

Tulips are one of the most popular springs of all the time and possess eminent status among various cut flowers cultivated world-wide next to rose and chrysanthemum in the global floriculture trade. However, they are not as productive in subtropical areas as they are in temperate zones. This is attributed by short span of winter season and other abiotic stress factors that are aggravated by climate change. All these factors impede tulip production in subtropical regions. Therefore, a study, comprised of four experiments was conducted to investigate the varietal response of different cultivars of cut tulips under Faisalabad conditions and role of various bioregulators on morpho-physiological, biochemical, enzymatic and ionic attributes that can be used for characterization of inducing tolerance and adaptability in tulip cultivars. Bulbs were planted in open field having sandy loam soil provided with supplemental doze of macronutrients. In first experiment, screening of 10 different tulip cultivars for their growth response and adaptability was carried out on the basis of their sprouting, morphological, floral and bulb attributes. Cultivars were categorized into best performing and least performing on the basis of their performance in 1st experiment. Five better adapted cultivars namely Apeldorn, Barcelona, Ile de France, Leen Vander Mark and Parade were selected for further study. In 2nd and 3rd experiment exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine, respectively were carried out to assess the performance of various attributes for quality enhancement. Moreover, in 3rd experiment, response of different polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine) was studied in two cultivars Apeldorn and Clear water by their exogenous application at different concentrations. Results of 1st experiment depicted highly significant difference among all the tested cultivars that all varieties behaved differently and some of them showed better adaptability that have potential for production on commercial basis in the country. Furthermore, optimized levels of chitosan and glycine betaine were also identified that enhanced the growth response of different tulip cultivars. Inferences were developed on the basis of standards needed for any cut flower crop like increased quality parameters flower size, stem length, freshness and postharvest attributes. Results depicted exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine improved plant fresh mass, height, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 (Ci), antioxidant enzymes and all other attributes associated to flower morphology. Furthermore, these compounds also improved the postharvest longevity by causing significant decrease in MDA contents. Though the chemicals used did not improve the mass, diameter and number of perrenating organs, thus they imparted negative effects on bulb attributes necessary for the growers to use them in the preceding year. In 4th experiment, 0.03 mM spermine (Spm) concentration proved to be the best for enhancing flower quality attributes in Apeldorn cultivar while low level of spermine (Spm) 0.01 mM proved to be best amongst all other tested dozes of polyamines in Clear water cultivar. Overall best performing traits were found in the plants that were exogenously applied by spermine followed by spermidine while putrescine improve petal lengths and width while other attributes remained less affected. Furthermore, findings of 4th experiment clearly indicated that spermine significantly enhanced postharvest potential of both the tulip cultivars by sustaining vase life and improving physiological, biochemical and enzymatic attributes. Overall, it can be extracted that suboptimal environmental conditions were found to be injurious for tulip growth and productivity and exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine specific concentration for particular cultivars were found effective tool for enhancing growth potential. However, effect of polyamines was more pronounced in both the cultivars reflecting that it may induce similar effects on other tulip cultivars as in majority of the parameters varietal effect was found to be non-significant. Besides, one can establish that A, E, WUE, gs, gm and protein might directly be linked with growth and flower quality attributes as they are severely affected by malicious environmental conditions. Thus it can be concluded from the current findings that by planting better performing cultivars, identified in the research, the growth potential of tulip can be expanded. The application of optimized levels of chitosan and glycine betaine particularly at lower levels proved effective in extending display life of tulips. Both these strategies when applied together could lead to a breakthrough in tulip cut flower production by improving the flower quality achieved through minimizing the life cycle in short duration of winters in sub-tropical terrains.
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